Heavy Metal Contamination and Distribution in the Urban Environment of Guangzhou, SE China

Ever-increasing heavy metal accumulation in the urban environment of Guangzhou, the largest light industrial production base and one of the most rapidly developing cities in China, poses a serious threat to environment as well as to human health in the region. As a sink or source, urban deposits are good indicators of the level and extent of heavy metal accumulation in the surface environment. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the distribution of heavy metal contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou. It was based on a systematic sampling of road dusts and corresponding gully sediments along major roads running mainly through commercial and residential to industrial districts of the city. In addition to road dusts and gully sediments, ceiling dusts from the Pearl River Tunnel were also collected to characterize anthropogenic emissions dominated by traffic-related activities. In general, the level of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contaminations were more severe on the industrialized side of Guangzhou than on the western side where heavy traffic and industrial activities were limited. The primary determinants of the level of heavy metal contamination and the distribution of this contamination in the urban environment of Guangzhou were the site-specific conditions of its urban setting, particularly the types of industries, the nature of the traffic flow, sample residence times and variations in grain size of the particulate contaminants. This study highlights the complexity of the urban system and indicates that in just such a system individual urban components should be interlinked to assess the long-term environmental and health effects of heavy metal contamination. Among the heavy metals tested – Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn – the level of Zn contamination was the most severe and widespread, and thus requires immediate attention.     

“一带一路”绿色发展的战略实施框架

本研究认为推进实施绿色化"一带一路"战略是我国与沿线各国深化经济合作,展示负责任大国形象,规避环境风险,促进顺利实现"五通"的根本要求。同时,我国实施绿色化"一带一路"战略还面临着对外投资的环境管控制度不健全,"一带一路"沿线不少国家和地区生态环境脆弱,环境管理基础弱,以及沿线各国和地区发展阶段及环保诉求不同,区域合作平台与机制不完善等内外因素带来的挑战。本文结合我国实施"一带一路"战略的国际、国内形势研判,提出了推进"一带一路"绿色发展的战略框架,建议加快推进四项重点工作,包括强化绿色发展规划顶层设计,健全风险规制机制,构建对外投资行为调控机制,形成有效的"共通"保障机制。     

乌鲁木齐城市道路地面径流中重金属的污染特征分析

采用原子吸收光谱法,对乌鲁木齐市城区3个采样点的两次降雨过程中采集的路面径流进行了重金属Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu和Ni的含量分析.结果表明,道路径流中Zn、Pb、Cd污染较严重,但随着时间的推移,它们在雨水径流中的含量逐渐减少,符合"浓度初期冲刷"规律.     

武汉市道路交通业CO_2排放与减排潜力分析

为了促进武汉市低碳经济发展,减少交通出行带来的碳排放压力,核算了武汉市道路交通出行的CO2排放量,并采用低度、中度和强化3种减排情景模式对武汉道路交通出行的碳减排潜力进行了测算,计算出了不同情景下武汉市道路交通出行的碳减排强度。结果表明,2005年以来道路交通业CO2排放总量呈显著增长趋势。私家轿车的CO2排放量增加速度最快,大货车的CO2排放量在各类交通工具排放量中占比最大,公交车和出租车的CO2排放量所占比例较小。对3种不同情景的模拟结果表明,在低度减排情景减排效果有限,强化低碳情景下才能达到减排效果。建议采取以下减排措施:改进基础设施,创建良好的出行环境;推进技术创新,降低机动车能耗污染;提升公民素质,加大碳减排的宣传力度;优化道路运输的能效和经营效率管理等。     

Risk factors for being the at-fault driver: A case–control study

Objective: It is estimated that road traffic accidents are globally responsible for approximately 1.2 million deaths and 20 to 50 million injuries. About 70% of traffic incidences (TIs) occur in developing countries and among countries with high TI rates; Iran is the first. The aim of this study was to measure the association between being responsible for a traffic accident and some vehicle, human; and environmental related factors in Yasuj, a city with a high incidence of road traffic injuries and deaths in Iran.

Methods: This is a time-, date-, and place-matched case–control study conducted in 2015 using all traffic accidents registered and investigated by police during 2012. In total, 194 drivers were considered the at-fault driver in a traffic accident and the 194 drivers in the same collisions were included in the analysis.

Results: Based on the results from multivariate conditional logistic regression, significant associations between vehicle maneuver (OR_{Turn to right or left/Moving forward} = 11.10, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77–69.58, P = .01) and age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.004–1.22, P = .04) and the chance of being an at-fault driver were found.

Conclusion: Driver behavior–related interventions including training and law enforcement seem to be more effective in reducing road traffic accidents in Iran.     

入境旅游流空间转移与旅游经济联系研究——以北京向丝绸之路转移为例

旅游流和当地旅游经济发展有着重要的联系。旅游流量对增强旅游经济联系强度有极大的促进作用,而旅游经济强度增强又会带来更多的旅游转移流量。以北京入境旅游流向丝绸之路沿线省区转移为例,利用SPSS16.0统计分析软件,分析了1998—2007年北京入境旅游流向丝绸之路沿线省区转移规模和旅游经济联系强度之间的关系。结果表明,北京入境旅游流向陕西转移流量最大,其次为新疆,甘肃最小;转移客流量和旅游经济联系强度存在强相关关系;北京转移入境旅游流对丝绸之路各省旅游经济发展有促进作用,并为跨区域旅游合作研究提供理论参考。     

Pedestrian Casualties and Fatalities in Road Traffic Crashes in a South African Municipality

A study of the pedestrian casualties and fatalities in road traffic crashes in Durban, a South African municipality, for 1999 was undertaken using official road traffic accident data. The pedestrians age 25 to 44, although only 23.9% of the population, were 39.3% of the casualties and 48.2% of the fatalities. The most vulnerable pedestrians were those 30 to 34 years old who were 6.1% of the population, 11.7% of the casualties, and 14.6% of the fatalities; 35- to 39-year-olds who were 6% of the population, 8.8% of the casualties, and 13.5% of the fatalities; and the 40- to 44-year-olds who were 4.9% of the population, 7.5% of the casualties, and 10.2% of the fatalities. Cars were involved in 52% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes but had fewer crashes than minibuses and buses, and fewer casualties and fatalities than minibuses, buses, and motorcycles. Minibuses recorded the most crashes at 1,037 per 100 million km, the highest casualty rate of 268 per 100 million km, and highest fatality rate of 17 per 100 million km. Buses, which were involved in 3% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes, had 951 crashes per 100 million km, 182 casualties per 100 million km, and 11 fatalities per 100 million km. Motorcycles were involved in 1% of the vehicle-pedestrian crashes and had per 100 million km 508 crashes, 192 casualties, and 7 fatalities. There was no statistically significant difference in the monthly distribution of the road traffic crashes.     

“一带一路”沿线国家台风灾害关联经济损失研究--以2018年“山竹”台风灾害为例

经济全球化背景下,各区域的产业关联强度增加,灾害链也日益复杂,对“一带一路”沿线国家及其部门带来了深远的影响。该文梳理了台风灾害损失传导机制,运用多区域投入产出模型(Multiregional Inputoutput Model,MRIO),以2018年“山竹”台风为例,量化分析“一带一路”沿线20个国家24个部门的关联损失情况。研究认为:①2018年“山竹”台风对我国各部门造成的直接损失约为142.31亿元,间接经济损失达到1272.73亿元;②“山竹”台风灾害对沿线其他国家带来的关联损失为1232.13亿元,其中受影响最严重的是菲律宾;③部门关联损失最大的是制造业,其间接损失是直接损失的60倍。     

道路交通安全管理规划体系初探

《道路交通安全法》明确规定 :“要求县级以上地方各级人民政府应当适应道路交通发展的需要 ,依据道路交通安全法律、法规和国家有关政策 ,制定道路交通安全管理规划 ,并组织实施。”依据该条文的要求 ,笔者探讨了道路交通安全管理规划的作用 ,论述了道路交通安全管理规划体系的总体设计 ,提出了包括道路交通安全调查、交通安全管理现状评价和问题分析、交通安全趋势预测、交通安全管理目标确定以及具体专项规划等内容的道路交通安全管理规划体系。