铁路接触网安全性评价方法及工程应用

地下工程穿越既有接触网时会对接触网系统的安全性产生较大影响,基于铁路接触网的设计标准和规范要求,提出一种接触网安全性的评价方法,其中包括计算工况选取、接触网位移分析、支柱负载分析及参数检算4部分。结合北京地铁某区间盾构隧道穿越火车站接触网工程实例,对该方法的有效性进行了研究。结果表明,工况1下,接触网处于安全状态;工况2下接触导线高度变化量超限。建议当盾构开挖通过一个接触网支柱后,要迅速对已通过接触网支柱进行处理,恢复到原来状态,避免2个或3个接触网支柱同时发生大于10 mm的基础沉降以及超过0.2%的支柱倾斜量。     

水幕与排烟系统协作下隧道火灾烟气防控研究

为优化选择水幕和机械排烟系统作用下最佳防排烟方式,运用FDS数值模拟方法探究排烟速率和水幕与排烟口间距对烟流分布的影响,并对11组模拟工况下排烟效率和烟气特征参数变化规律进行研究。结果表明:20 MW的火源功率下,排烟速率为60 m3/s、水幕与排烟口间距为12.5 m时,排烟效率较高且烟气特征参数满足安全要求,考虑防排烟的有效性和经济性,可选其为最优防排烟组合方式。研究结果对防排烟系统的设计具有指导意义。     

基于FDS的综合管廊电缆火灾烟气优化控制模式研究

为给火灾情景下管廊检修人员应急疏散和外部消防救援提供有益指导,采用火灾动力学软件对不同的通风系统（自然通风、机械负压通风和全面机械通风）与防火门、喷淋系统的不同开启状况等12种组合模式下的温度、能见度等参数变化进行分析,探究综合管廊火灾烟气优化控制模式。结果表明:进风系统、排烟系统、喷淋系统以及防火门合理的优化组合模式能够达到有效控制管廊火灾烟气的目的;火灾情景下,自然通风系统不能有效控制火灾烟气的发展,而机械负压通风和全面机械通风系统,如能及时启动喷淋以及关闭防火门,管廊内的烟气便可得到有效的控制。研究结果可为应急条件下人员疏散提供参考。     

A Comparison of Data Sets Varying in Spatial Accuracy Used to Predict the Occurrence of Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions

Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) pose a significant safety and conservation concern in areas where high-traffic roads are situated adjacent to wildlife habitat. Improving transportation safety, accurately planning highway mitigation, and identifying key habitat linkage areas may all depend on the quality of WVC data collection. Two common approaches to describe the location of WVCs are spatially accurate data derived from global positioning systems (GPS) or vehicle odometer measurements and less accurate road-marker data derived from reference points (e.g., mile-markers or landmarks) along the roadside. In addition, there are two common variable types used to predict WVC locations: (1) field-derived, site-specific measurements and (2) geographic information system (GIS)-derived information. It is unclear whether these different approaches produce similar results when attempting to identify and explain the location of WVCs. Our first objective was to determine and compare the spatial error found in road-marker data (in our case the closest mile-marker) and landmark-referenced data. Our second objective was to evaluate the performance of models explaining high- and low-probability WVC locations, using congruent, spatially accurate (<3-m) and road-marker (<800-m) response variables in combination with field- and GIS-derived explanatory variables. Our WVC data sets were comprised of ungulate collisions and were located along five major roads in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. We found that spatial error (mean ± SD) was higher for WVC data referenced to nearby landmarks (516 ± 808 m) than for data referenced to the closest mile-marker data (401 ± 219 m). The top-performing model using the spatially accurate WVC locations contained all explanatory variable types, whereas GIS-derived variables were only influential in the best road-marker model and the spatially accurate reduced model. Our study showed that spatial error and sample size, using road-marker data for ungulate species, are important to consider for model output interpretation, which will impact the appropriate scale on which to apply modeling results. Using road-marker references <1.6 km or GPS-derived data locations may represent an optimal compromise between data acquisition costs and analytical performance. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Evaluating Aggregate Terrestrial Impacts of Road Construction Projects for Advanced Regional Mitigation

This study presents a GIS-based database framework used to assess aggregate terrestrial habitat impacts from multiple highway construction projects in California, USA. Transportation planners need such impact assessment tools to effectively address additive biological mitigation obligations. Such assessments can reduce costly delays due to protracted environmental review. This project incorporated the best available statewide natural resource data into early project planning and preliminary environmental assessments for single and multiple highway construction projects, and provides an assessment of the 10-year state-wide mitigation obligations for the California Department of Transportation. Incorporation of these assessments will facilitate early and more strategic identification of mitigation opportunities, for single-project and regional mitigation efforts. The data architecture format uses eight spatial scales: six nested watersheds, counties, and transportation planning districts, which were intersected. This resulted in 8058 map planning units statewide, which were used to summarize all subsequent analyses. Range maps and georeferenced locations of federally and state-listed plants and animals and a 55-class landcover map were spatially intersected with the planning units and the buffered spatial footprint of 967 funded projects. Projected impacts were summarized and output to the database. Queries written in the database can sum expected impacts and provide summaries by individual construction project, or by watershed, county, transportation district or highway. The data architecture allows easy incorporation of new information and results in a tool usable without GIS by a wide variety of agency biologists and planners. The data architecture format would be useful for other types of regional planning.     

电气管廊火场模拟分析与灭火有效性试验研究

针对三种不同尺寸的电气管廊试验环境,开展实体火试验,研究引火源、电缆类型及通风风速等因素对电气管廊火灾温度特性的影响,研究表明,电缆类型及引火源对火灾发展影响较大,通风风速对火灾温度特性产生规律性影响,不同尺寸的电气管廊内温度变化不存在比例关系。细水雾灭火系统可以有效扑灭电缆发热起火及外部火引燃的火灾,数值模拟结果可以较好的预测实体火试验结果。     

南京长江隧道火灾数值模拟

以南京长江隧道为研究背景,运用火灾动力学模拟软件PYROSIM建立实体物理模型,并将空间划分为0.1 ×0.1 ×0.1m3的网格,对南京长江隧道火灾过程中的纵向通风进行模拟计算.定量分析了不同通风速率条件下火灾及烟气蔓延的规律,并得到隧道拱顶附近温度和烟气分布状况.模拟结果显示较小风速下烟气会产生回流,但随着风速增大烟气扩散速率随之加快,通过对3种不同风速的分析比较,选择3.0m/s纵向通风作为临界风速.进一步结合南京长江隧道现有的消防设施及应急救援系统,分析该临界风速下烟气温度对隧道结构和毒害气体对人员疏散救援的影响.结果显示此临界风速下隧道结构安全,且在疏散及时、救援有效的基础上,基本能保证人员疏散安全.     

工作竖井与隧道连接处支护结构横向地震响应

建立了工作竖井与盾构隧道、明挖隧道相连的空间交叉结构三维模型,采用FLAC3D对该复杂结构进行了横向地震响应分析,得到了工作竖井与隧道连接处支护结构关键点的位移和应力响应规律。通过对地震横向激励过程中竖井与隧道连接处支护结构收敛位移和关键点主应力峰值的分析,对该结构的横向抗震性能做出了评价。     

圆形巷道围岩的环向应力及发生岩爆单元分布的数值模拟

利用FLAC模拟了不同水平方向压力(小于竖直方向压力)及岩石峰后不同脆性条件下的圆形巷道破坏过程.岩石服从莫尔-库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则,破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为.监测了模型中第1象限对角线上的单元环向应力分布及演化规律.根据徐林生和王兰生提出的环向应力岩爆判据,判断模型中各单元是否发生岩爆.模拟结果...     

组合网壳屋盖结构风振响应分析及等效静风荷载

结合惠州会议展览中心风洞试验结果,对波浪形组合网壳结构的风荷载和风振响应进行了分析,包括:24个风向角下屋盖荷载分布特性分析;结构整体和局部的自振特性分析;根据风洞试验结果对6个风向角(0°、30°、45°、90°、135°和180°)进行结构的风致动力响应分析.根据风振响应分析结果,基于响应的不同振动特点,提出将屋盖...