“一带一路”绿色发展的战略实施框架

本研究认为推进实施绿色化"一带一路"战略是我国与沿线各国深化经济合作,展示负责任大国形象,规避环境风险,促进顺利实现"五通"的根本要求。同时,我国实施绿色化"一带一路"战略还面临着对外投资的环境管控制度不健全,"一带一路"沿线不少国家和地区生态环境脆弱,环境管理基础弱,以及沿线各国和地区发展阶段及环保诉求不同,区域合作平台与机制不完善等内外因素带来的挑战。本文结合我国实施"一带一路"战略的国际、国内形势研判,提出了推进"一带一路"绿色发展的战略框架,建议加快推进四项重点工作,包括强化绿色发展规划顶层设计,健全风险规制机制,构建对外投资行为调控机制,形成有效的"共通"保障机制。     

油页岩地下开采巷道围岩的流变特性及工程应用

为研究油页岩巷道围岩的流变特性,采用岩土SJ-1B三轴蠕变仪对油页岩进行了三轴蠕变试验。根据试验结果,建立了油页岩非线性蠕变方程。根据上述非线性蠕变方程,以吉林桦甸油页岩矿一井运输大巷为工程背景,分析了围岩的应力场和位移场,并对不同支护强度和应力状态下的蠕变变形进行了系统的分析。研究结果表明,油页岩蠕变具有非线性,控制油页岩巷道围岩过量变形的根本途径是改变围岩的应力状态,以及适当提高锚杆、锚索的初始预应力。本文为有效控制油页岩开采时巷道围岩的有害变形提供了理论依据。     

公路隧道能见度及其关联影响因子研究

通过对谭裕沟隧道和梧桐山隧道内能见度、机动车流量和构成、主要空气污染物的监测和研究,探讨了隧道内能见度下降的主要原因,结果表明,影响能见度的主要污染物是粒径较小的细粒子。      

弹头构型对水下射弹表面气泡形态的影响

目的 研究弹头构型对水下射弹表面气泡的影响,提高射弹微气泡减阻的效果。方法 基于高速摄像系统,针对不同弹头构型的水下射弹展开水洞试验研究。对比分析不同速度和通气压力情况下,平台锥形弹头产生的微气泡形态变化规律,以及相同速度和通气压力下,不同弹头构型产生的微气泡形态变化规律。结果 相较椭圆尖弹头,平台锥形弹头更容易在微孔材料的前缘区域形成大气泡,对弹体具有更好的包裹效果。对于不同的弹头构型,在相同流速和通气压力下,弹头锥度为43.6°时的空泡包裹效果最好。结论 存在一个最佳的锥度使气膜的覆盖面积达到最大。     

坡度对跨座式单轨隧道临界风速的影响

为研究不同坡度隧道在大功率火源情况下的烟气运动,采用1:20的缩尺隧道模型,通过试验对不同坡度情况下(-6％,-3％,0％,3％,6％)的大火源功率火灾(20,50 MW)时的隧道纵向通风临界风速进行研究.结果表明:0％坡度时,20 MW和50 MW的临界风速相差不大;有坡度时,逆坡送风的临界风速大于顺坡送风的临界风速...     

The sources of the Kuznets relationship between the road deaths to road injuries ratio and economic growth

Introduction: Past empirical studies indicated that there is a Kuznets or reverse U-shaped relationship between road deaths and per capita income, such that the number of road death increases at a low level of per capita reverse U-shaped relationship was observed between road injuries and per capita income. While these studies explored the impact of per capita income on road deaths and road injuries, no studies have examined the relationship between per capita income and road death to road injury ratio (DPI). Method: Using a fixed effects panel regression analysis from 67 countries spanning over a period of five decades (1960–2013), the present study sought to explore the impact of per capita gross domestic product (per capita GDP) on the DPI ratio and the underlying factors responsible for the relationship. Results: Our result suggests that per capita GDP followed a reverse U-shaped relationship with DPI. Moreover, the relative improvements in higher mobility roads as compared to improvements in higher accessibility roads, motorcycle ownership to passenger car ownership ratio, percentage of population living in an urban area, infant mortality rate, and the percentage of population below 15 years of age and above 64 years of age contributed to this relationship. Practical Applications: This implies that, at lower level of economic growth where road deaths exceed road injuries, countries should implement low-cost measures to combat road deaths cases. Such measures include mandating wearing of quality helmets and daytime running headlights for motorcycles. On the other hand, at higher level of economic growth where road injuries surpass road deaths, countries are encouraged to devote more resources to improving medical technology and services to treat road injury victims, mandating seatbelt use, as well as enhancing and promoting public transportation service.     

“Like it’s wrong,but it’s not that wrong:” Exploring the normalization of risk-compensatory strategies among young drivers engaging in illegal smartphone use

Introduction: Young drivers are the most vulnerable road users and most likely to use a smartphone illegally while driving. Although when compared with drink-driving, attitudes to illegal smartphone risk are nearly identical, smartphone use among young drivers continues to increase. Method: Four in-depth focus groups were conducted with 13 young (18–25 years) drivers to gain insight into their perceptions of the risks associated with the behavior. Our aim was to determine how drivers navigate that risk and if their behavior shapes and informs perceptions of norms. Results: Three key themes emerged: (a) participants perceived illegal smartphone use as commonplace, easy, and benign; (b) self-regulatory behaviors that compensate for risk are pervasive among illegal smartphone users; and (c) risk-compensation strategies rationalize risks and perceived norms, reducing the seriousness of transgression when compared with drink-driving. Young drivers rationalized their own use by comparing their selfregulatory smartphone and driving skills with those of “bad drivers,” not law abiders. Practical Applications: These findings suggest that smartphone behaviors shape attitudes to risk, highlighting the importance for any countermeasure aimed at reducing illegal use to acknowledge how a young person’s continued engagement in illegal smartphone use is justified by the dynamic composition of use, risk assessment and the perceived norms.     

浅谈万宝矿产有限公司海外项目相关方安全管理

随着国家“一带一路”倡议的推进,越来越多中国企业“走出去”,拓展海外市场。相关方作为海外项目安全管理的重点,存在数量多、安全管理能力参差不齐、安全管理难度大等特点。万宝矿产有限公司从相关方准入审核、过程管控、考核淘汰等全生命周期对海外项目各相关方进行规范化管理,提升了相关方安全管理水平,避免了生产安全事故,保障了项目顺利进行。     

高压输水隧洞帷幕体防渗性能的数值模拟*

为研究高压输水隧洞帷幕体防渗性能,建立基于渗流场、化学场及帷幕体微观结构等多物理场耦合的数值模型,采用FEM数值法求解并结合工程监测数据对模型进行验证。结果表明:帷幕体在高水头30 a长期侵蚀与溶解作用下,内部Ca2+不断析出,帷幕体溶蚀程度最深处孔隙率较初始孔隙率增加29.38%,渗透系数增大1.95倍,抗渗性和耐久持续衰减;帷幕体溶蚀具有时空变异特性,帷幕体与高压岔管接触部位溶蚀面积最大,其次为底部,顶部几乎未发生溶蚀现象。研究结果可为监测高压输水隧洞帷幕体防渗性能变化及定制专项防渗方案提供参考。     

矿山井巷模型快速构建与突水避灾三维动态仿真

为准确规划人员最优避灾路径,以矿井现场实测数据为基础,联合Python与Blender快速生成矿山三维井巷模型,建立基于时空动态性的突水漫延仿真平台;综合考虑不同因素对巷道通行状况的影响,建立一种支持从源节点至多目标节点的前N条最优避灾路径搜索方法;调用Blender时间线功能,建立人员避灾逃生演示模型;以山东某矿为工...