Road Traffic Noise Prediction Model under Interrupted Traffic Flow Condition

The objective of this study is to develop an empirical traffic noise prediction model under interrupted traffic flow conditions using two analytical the approaches, the first being the acceleration lane approach and second being the deceleration approach. The urban road network of Bangalore city has been selected as the study area. Sixteen locations are chosen in major traffic junctions of the study area. The traffic noise data collected from the study locations were analyzed separately for both acceleration and deceleration lanes when vehicles leave an intersection on a green traffic light and come to a stop on red traffic light. Based on the study, a regression noise prediction model has been developed for both acceleration and deceleration lanes.     

地铁车站及隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究(2)——区间隧道火灾

为了研究强制通风情况下地铁区间隧道火灾时的烟气扩散规律,在一实际地铁区间隧道内开展了全尺寸火灾实验。实验改变火源功率,在区间隧道通风排烟系统启动状态下,研究了区间烟气纵向蔓延速度、烟气竖直温度分布和水平温度变化,分析了烟气火焰倾斜角,顶棚烟气温升的纵向指数变化特征。实验结果对于地铁区间隧道火灾烟流控制及防排烟设计提供了数据支持。     

Actual and perceived social norms of children’s road crossing behavior

This study compared the actual and perceived social norms regarding road crossing behaviors, and aimed at uncovering a misperception of group norms. The basic notion underlying the study was that if children perceived the behaviors and attitudes of their friends regarding road crossing as more negative than they actually are, this might lead the children to adopt riskier behavior when crossing the road. The participants were comprised of 123 elementary school children (ages from 6 to 13; 78 boys - 65% and 42 girls - 35%) from Beitar-Ilit, a religious city in Israel. A questionnaire especially constructed for the study was administered to the participants. A t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own attitudes score and the perceived peers’ attitudes score. On average, children perceive their friends’ attitudes with regard to road crossing behaviors as being more negative compared to their own attitudes. A second t-test yielded a significant difference between the child’s own behavior score and the perceived peers’ behavior score. Children perceived the road crossing behavior of their friends as riskier relative to their own crossing behavior. A regression test revealed that the variables, perceived peers’ attitudes and perceived peers’ behaviors, contributed significantly to the explained variance: the more risky the perceived peers’ attitudes and behaviors with regard to road crossing, the more risky the child’s own behavior when crossing the road. It is hoped that an interventional educational program based on positive norms in the social group will encourage children to exhibit safe behavior in the roads.     

Impact of Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS) on road safety: Evidences and open points

Almost four years after the entry into force of Regulation ECE 123 on Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS) for motor vehicles, and once the first cars bearing them start to circulate, a comparison between the original idea of AFS and their potential impact in safety and accident prevention is possible. In this work, we present the basic concepts of this new way to light roads and analyse some unforeseen consequences that might arise within the ECE regulatory framework once the presence of AFS becomes massive. This paper also pretends to be an useful guide for some countries like China, still considering the best way to definitively regulate these complex systems whose impact on road safety is expected to be huge.     

长大公路隧道性能化安全疏散设计

将性能化安全疏散设计概念引入公路隧道,初步探讨了长大公路隧道性能化安全疏散的设计方法和准则,包括安全疏散的设计要求、步骤、目标和指标等,并以广州增从高速公路凤凰山特长隧道为例,给出其性能化安全疏散设计方案。     

大变形隧道长短锚杆支护机理及设计应用

以常用锚杆支护理论为依托,根据锚杆的受力特点,分析了大变形隧道长短锚杆各自的支护机理,提出了其参数的设计方法,并通过算例计算和数值模拟验证的方式对其合理性进行了验证.结果表明,大变形隧道长短锚杆组合支护中,短锚杆加固浅部围岩形成承载拱结构,长锚杆将浅部承载拱结构稳定到深部围岩,两者联合支护有效地控制了隧道的大变形,支护方式有救,参数设计方法合理,保证了隧道的支护效果,对隧道支护设计具有重要的工程参考意义.     

长大隧道突发性地质灾害预警信息系统研究

针对国内外长大隧道施工过程中频繁遇到的突发性地质灾害(涌水、突泥,以下同)对工程造成重大损失和人员伤亡,调研国内外长大隧道突发性地质灾害发生现状和危害,首次提出隧道突发性地质灾害预测预报方法为灾害发生前兆的现象预报法和S-t曲线变化趋势判断法;并对主要风险源水压和水量、水质、初期支护内力及围岩位移进行监控,给出相应的预警标准。笔者研究并开发了隧道灾害预警系统,在浏阳河隧道过河段现场使用;结果表明,该系统能较好地适应隧道复杂环境,稳定性好,能对采集到的数据分析判别,对长大隧道安全施工具有一定的指导意义。     

公路隧道火灾风险评价模型及应用

公路隧道火灾风险评价研究是预防和控制公路隧道火灾事故的重要手段。通过火灾案例统计分析,运用安全系统工程方法分析公路隧道火灾事故原因,从设备因素、人员因素、环境因素以及管理因素四个方面构建公路隧道火灾风险评价指标体系。建立了基于模糊层次评价法公路隧道火灾风险评价数学模型;最后对某公路隧道进行应用实例研究,确定了公路隧道的火灾风险等级并提出了相应的改进措施。结果表明公路隧道火灾风险评价指标体系以及评价方法能合理反映公路隧道的火灾风险。     

基于ISM法的公路隧道火灾事故致因研究

以降低公路隧道火灾风险为目的,结合国内外公路隧道火灾特点及危害,分析研究了公路隧道火灾事故的致因。采用解释结构模型(ISM)分析各原因之间的层次关系,建立了4级递阶结构关系。结果显示:第一层致因为隧道中运行车辆的起火和隧道自身结构火灾起火;第二层为隧道中司乘人员引起的不同车辆火灾和隧道运营管理存在危险性;第三层为隧道中车辆的危险性预防和对隧道的安全检查;最深层原因集中于管理因素,安全教育、安全意识的形成和对安全监管的投入力度上,隧道运营管理者的行为措施。交通管理部门可以通过对公路隧道火灾起火原因分析出发,找出增强隧道安全性的有效途径。     

均匀火灾温场下隧道管片受力分析

对于以盾构方式修建的地铁,其隧道管片是主要的受力构件。在以热辐射为主的火灾中,会形成比较均匀的温度场。由于管片受热均匀,整周管片内部将产生均匀的热力荷载,加之地应力荷载使其应力分布更为复杂。使用FLAC3D模拟在以热辐射为主的火灾中,管片应力分布和变化特征。根据温度不同材料性质不同的客观事实,在模拟过程中随温度升高实时调整材料参数,使模拟结果更加准确。分析结果表明:最大水平压力上升比较快,1000℃时其比最大竖向压力大30%。最大值的位置分别对称于经过隧道轴线的水平和竖直面。总位移在400℃后明显增加,最大位移一般在隧道左右两侧。