Energy input during friction stir spot welding

Friction stir spot welding is performed on thin plates of an aluminum alloy. This paper presents the results on how the number of tool rotations affects the quality of the resulting spot weld. Different combinations of rotation rate and dwell time are investigated. A linear relationship was found to exist between the number of tool rotations completed during the spot weld and the resulting tensile shear strength. Spot welds that only completed 10 rotations were 177% stronger than those created at 50 tool rotations. The energy generated during the welding operation was quantified and also found to have a linear relationship with tensile shear strength. A modified open-loop position control system is proposed that monitors and limits the energy generated during friction stir spot welding by adjusting the dwell time.     

Metal-cored arc welding process for joining of modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steel

In the present work, metal-cored arc welding process was used for joining of modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) steel. Metal-cored arc welding process is characterized by high productivity, slag-free process, defect-free weldments that can be produced with ease, and good weldability. Toughness is essential in welds of P91 steel during hydro-testing of vessels. There is a minimum required toughness of 47 J for welds that has to be met as per the EN1557:1997 specification. In the present study, welds were completed using two kinds of shielding gases, each composition being 80% Argon + 20% CO₂, and pure argon respectively. Microstructural characterization and toughness evaluation of welds were done in the as – weld, PWHT at 760 °C – 2 h and PWHT at 760 °C – 5 h conditions. The pure argon shielded welds (‘A2’ and ‘B2’) have higher toughness than 80% argon + 20% CO₂ shielded welds (‘A1’ and ‘B1’). Pure argon shielded welds show less microinclusion content with low volume fraction of δ-ferrite (<2%) phase. Themo-calc windows (TCW) was used for the prediction of equilibrium critical transformation points for the composition of the welds studied. With increase in post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) duration from 2 h to 5 h, there was increase in toughness of welds above 47 J. Using metal-cored arc welding process, it was possible to achieve the required toughness of more than 47 J after PWHT at 760 °C – 2 h in P91 steel welds.     

双管板换热器的设计与制造

根据双管板换热器的结构特点,从设计、制造、监造与使用维护方面全过程要点剖析,对主要重点进行系统性进行阐述,并与业内人士全方位交流与要点探讨。     

自动变光面罩亟待成为中国焊工防护标配

本文阐述了电弧焊弧光所造成的危害种类及其严重程度,并围绕自动变光焊接面罩的基本结构、工作原理、性能指标、防护效果等,重点介绍了防治电弧焊弧光危害的这种专门利器,明确提出了应该让自动变光焊接面罩尽快成为中国焊工防护用具的标准配置的观点。     

提高液晶电焊防护片响应速度

论述了提高液晶电焊防护片响应速度的办法，经试验，发现电焊电流产生超前电焊光的时间是13ms。因此可用电焊电流作为触发信号提前开启液晶偏转电路以达到全过程防护的目的。     

焊接事故因素综合分析及其安全评价方法的建立

通过事故树(FTA)分析方法系统地分析了影响焊接安全的各个主要因素,并建立了层次结构模型,在此基础上,运用模糊综合评价方法对整个焊接安全体系进行了有效的评估.这是一种针对焊接安全体系的焊接专项安全评价方法.     

液化气球罐应力腐蚀开裂试验研究

由于炼制进口高硫原油,在炼油球罐检验中发现越来越多的内表面应力腐蚀裂纹。对球罐应力腐蚀开裂的原因和主要影响因素进行分析。从液化石油气球罐的安全性出发,采用线弹性断裂力学方法,针对16MnR和SPV50Q球罐所用钢材,在分析湿硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂形式的基础上,通过改进的WOL预裂纹试样的应力腐蚀开裂试验,对不同球罐所用钢材、不同硫化氢浓度、不同焊接状态条件下的应力腐蚀开裂进行研究,并对设备所采用的材料、所处的介质浓度、材料的热处理状况等进行分析,并提出了防止对策。该方法也适用于液化石油气球罐应力腐蚀开裂,以预测事故的发生。     

某工程机械厂电焊工作场所职业卫生学调查

为了解工程机械电焊工作场所存在的职业病危害因素及危害程度,采用定点及个体采样方法对某大型工种机械厂电焊车间进行采样分析,结果显示,该工作场所锰及其化合物、电焊烟尘时间加权平均浓度超出了国家职业接触限值,危害了工人身体健康,局部通风措施对控制电焊烟尘尤为重要。     

电焊作业人员尘肺病的预防

通过某检修安装企业从事焊接作业人员职业健康检查.对肺功能及X线高仟伏胸片检查结果进行分析评价,探讨电焊烟尘对作业人员肺部X线改变和肺通气功能的影响,提出电焊工尘肺的预防措施.     

FN1000m~2换热器管板与球封焊接结构安全性分析

以JB 4732标准对某企业FN1 000 m2换热器进行管板与球封焊接结构疲劳寿命计算,校核其疲劳寿命是否满足企业要求。疲劳寿命计算是在有限元应力分析结果满足JB 4732对强度要求的前提下,依据JB 4732中附录C疲劳寿命计算准则,计算FN1 000 m2换热器在交变载荷下允许最大应力循环次数。计算结果大于企业所规定的应力循环次数,满足了企业对换热器管板与球封焊接结构安全性疲劳寿命要求,节约了疲劳试验的时间与成本,对企业进行换热器结构优化具有指导意义。