浅析氧化风机在电厂烟气脱硫工程中的应用

作为整个脱硫运行中比较关键的大型设备,氧化风机的选型是否合理,直接关系整个工程的投资及运营。本文从罗茨鼓风机和离心鼓风机各自的工作原理和特点分析了两种风机在实际脱硫工程中的优缺点,同时在风机效率、噪声大小及风机传动设施方面进行了比较说明。     

The role of root hairs in cadmium acquisition by barley

The role of root hairs in Cd acquisition from soil was investigated in three pot experiments using a root hairless mutant (bald root barley, brb) and its wild-type (WT) cultivar of barley (Hordeum vulgare). brb had significantly lower concentrations and lower total amounts of Cd in shoots than WT. The Cd uptake efficiency based on total root length was 8-45% lower in brb than in WT. The difference between brb and WT increased with increasing extractable Cd in soil under the experimental conditions used. Additions of phosphate to soil decreased Cd extractability. Both soil and foliar additions of phosphate decreased root length, and root hair formation in WT. These effects resulted in decreased Cd uptake with increasing P supply. Cd uptake in WT correlated significantly with root length, root hair length and density, and soil extractable Cd. Root hairs contribute significantly to Cd uptake by barley.     

大豆根边缘细胞对土荆芥组培根分泌物的响应

运用组织培养技术和悬空气培养法,研究了大豆根边缘细胞对土荆芥组培根分泌物的响应。结果表明：在土荆芥组培根分泌物作用下,随处理浓度的升高和处理时间的延长,边缘细胞数量和存活率持续下降。游离的根边缘细胞周围聚集了一些颗粒状物质,根边缘细胞可能螯合土荆芥根系分泌物。土荆芥根系分泌物能促进根冠果胶甲基酯酶活性上调,但是随着处理浓度增大和处理时间延长,这种促进效应降低。这些结果表明土荆芥组培根分泌物对大豆根边缘细胞具有一定的胁迫效应,根边缘细胞通过加速死亡并分泌一些活性物质螯合土荆芥根系分泌物,可在一定范围内缓解根系分泌物的毒害作用。     

生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病及根系分泌物的影响

生物有机肥通过调节微生物群落多样性来改善土壤生态环境,而根际微生物生态环境变化取决于根系分泌物的种类和数量.研究通过盆栽试验和离位溶液培养法研究了生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病及香蕉根系分泌物的影响.结果表明,生物有机肥对香蕉枯萎病的防病效果高于有机肥和不施肥处理,生物有机肥和有机肥防病效果分别达到55.4%和28.5%;香蕉根系分泌物中低分子量有机酸包括草酸、苹果酸和反丁烯二酸,以草酸为主,ρ(草酸)占ρ(有机酸总量)的百分比为83.6%~93.0%;生物有机肥比有机肥更显著降低香蕉根系分泌物中ρ(苹果酸)、ρ(反丁烯二酸)和ρ(有机酸总量),不同处理处理根系分泌物的ρ(有机酸)依次为:有机肥>生物有机肥>不施肥;生物有机肥处理的氨基酸种类和质量浓度最大,有机肥次之,生物有机肥处理中根系分泌物的ρ(γ-氨基丁酸)、ρ(β-丙氨酸)、ρ(a-氨基丁酸)、ρ(谷氨酸)、ρ(天冬氨酸)和ρ(磷酸丝氨酸)均显著高于有机肥和不施肥处理;生物有机肥处理的主要氨基酸[各氨基酸质量浓度占ρ(氨基酸总量)的百分比大于5%]有磷酸丝氨酸、苏氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、乙醇氨和肌肽,其中ρ(磷酸丝氨酸)和ρ(γ-氨基丁酸)显著高于不施肥和有机肥处理;香蕉枯萎病病情指数与ρ(磷酸丝氨酸)、ρ(丝氨酸)、ρ(异亮氨酸)呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.99、-0.98和-0.95,与ρ(鹅肌肽)呈极显著正相关,相关系数为1.00.生物有机肥降低了根系分泌物中有机酸的质量浓度,增加了氨基酸的种类和质量浓度,且香蕉枯萎病病情指数与根系分泌物中一些氨基酸质量浓度存在显著相关性,这可能是生物有机肥在香蕉枯萎病防治中起作用的原因之一.     

Modeling soil and plant phosphorus within DSSAT

The crop models in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) have served worldwide as a research tool for improving predictions of relationships between soil and plant nitrogen (N) and crop yield. However, without a phosphorus (P) simulation option, the applicability of the DSSAT crop models in P-deficient environments is limited. In this study, a soil-plant P model integrated to DSSAT was described, and results showing the ability of the model to mimic wide differences in maize responses to P in Ghana are presented as preliminary attempts to testing the model on highly weathered soils. The model simulates P transformations between soil inorganic labile, active and stable pools and soil organic microbial and stable pools. Plant growth is limited by P between two concentration thresholds that are species-specific optimum and minimum concentrations of P defined at different stages of plant growth. Phosphorus stress factors are computed to reduce photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning. Testing on two highly weathered soils from Ghana over a wide range of N and P fertilizer application rates indicated that the P model achieved good predictability skill at one site (Kpeve) with a final grain yield root mean squared error (RMSE) of 535 kg ha⁻¹and a final biomass RMSE of 507 kg ha⁻¹. At the other site (Wa), the RMSE was 474 kg ha⁻¹ for final grain yield and 1675 kg ha⁻¹ for final biomass. A local sensitivity analysis indicated that under P-limiting conditions and no P fertilizer application, crop biomass, grain yield, and P uptake could be increased by over 0.10% due to organic P mineralization resulting from a 1% increase in organic carbon. It was also shown that the modeling philosophy that makes P in a root-free zone unavailable to plants resulted in a better agreement of simulated crop biomass and grain yield with field measurements. Because the complex soil P chemistry makes the availability of P to plants extremely variable, testing under a wider range of agro-ecological conditions is needed to complement the initial evaluation presented here, and extend the use of the DSSAT-P model to other P-deficient environments.     

Atmospheric NH3 as plant nutrient: a case study with Brassica oleracea

Nutrient-sufficient and nitrate- or sulfate-deprived plants of Brassica oleracea L. were exposed to 4 microl l(-1) NH3 (2.8 mg m(-3)), and effects on biomass production and allocation, N-compounds and root morphology investigated. Nitrate-deprived plants were able to transfer to atmospheric NH3 as nitrogen source, but biomass allocation in favor of the root was not changed by exposure to NH3. NH3 reduced the difference in total root length between nitrate-sufficient and nitrate-deprived plants, and increased the specific root length in the latter. The internal N status, therefore, might be involved in controlling root length in B. oleracea. Root surface area, volume and diameter were unaffected by both nitrate deprivation and NH3 exposure. In sulfate-deprived plants an inhibitory effect of NH3 on root morphological parameters was observed. These plants, therefore, might be more susceptible to atmospheric NH3 than nitrate-deprived plants. The relevance of the present data under field conditions is discussed.     

Low toxicant concentrations decrease the frequency of fast-growing seedlings at high densities of annual baby's breath (Gypsophila elegans)

Very low toxicant concentrations reduce the frequency of most vital seedlings in dense stands in vitro.     

Naturally-assisted metal phytoextraction by Brassica carinata: Role ofroot exudates

Due to relatively high chelant dosages and potential environmental risks it is necessary to explore different approaches in the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. The present study focussed on the removal of metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from a multiple metal-contaminated soil by growing Brassica carinata plants in succession to spontaneous metallicolous populations of Pinus pinaster, Plantago lanceolata and Silene paradoxa. The results showed that the growth of the metallicolous populations increased the extractable metal levels in the soil, which resulted in a higher accumulation of metals in the above-ground parts of B. carinata. Root exudates of the three metallicolous species were analysed to elucidate their possible role in the enhanced metal availability. The presence of metals stimulated the exudation of organic and phenolic acids as well as flavonoids. It was suggested that root exudates played an important role in solubilising metals in soil and in favouring their uptake by roots.     

7种人工湿地植物根系扩展能力比较研究

以芦苇、美人蕉，香根草、灯心草、旱伞草、香蒲、芦竹7种植物为对象。通过盆载试验，研究它们在水分诱导方式下根系扩展情况。比较它们的根系极限长度，达到极限长度所用的时间、根系形态和密度、病虫害发生情况。结果表明，水分诱导方式是一种效果显著的促进根系快速增长的技术：文章所选用的7种植物中。旱伞草和香根草的分蘖及根系伸展能力最强，并且没有病虫害发生：其次是芦苇、芦竹，芦竹较少发生病虫害，但芦苇病虫害发生频繁：香蒲、美人蕉和灯心草根系生长较为缓慢．伸展较浅。较少发生病虫害。     

美人蕉对水体中重金属Cd的富集能力研究

通过溶液培养,研究了美人蕉在不同营养条件下,不同Cd浓度的吸收情况。研究结果表明：美人蕉在营养元素N的作用下对于Cd的吸收是一个交互作用的生理效应;美人蕉在营养元素C的作用下对于Cd的吸收没有很大影响,只有C浓度增大到一定程度才有促进作用;美人蕉根对Cd的吸收量远远高于叶对Cd的吸收量且随Cd浓度的增加而降低。