一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响研究

文章研究了一体式膜生物反应器中环境条件对混合液粘度的影响,以及混合液粘度对膜过滤阻力的影响。试验结果表明：混合液的粘度主要是由胞外聚合物引起的;混合液粘度随着胞外聚合物含量的变化而变化;混合液粘度与各操作条件之间存在一定的关系U=1．586（MESS）^0．614T^-0.106（DO）^0.4697;混合液粘度与膜过滤阻力有较好的相关性。     

关于钢铁企业全膜法制取脱盐水工艺原水选择的探讨

全膜法制水系统,即超滤加二级反渗透工艺,已广泛应用于钢铁企业脱盐水的制取。为实现节能减排,越来越多的钢铁企业追求将工业污水收集后处理制成脱盐水和回用水用于生产。从全厂水量平衡、水质平衡的角度,对分别采用工业新水和工业污水作为制取脱盐水原水的工艺进行了分析比较,论证了采用工业污水作为制取脱盐水的原水是否可以真正的实现节能减排,可作为实际工程的参考。     

微孔过滤与紫外辐射结合去除模拟压载水中扁藻的研究

针对压载水中外来藻类对海洋环境造成的危害,本文以含有青岛大扁藻的海水为模拟压载水,在处理流量为1～9m3/h和藻初始数量为3×103～3×104/mL条件下,研究微孔过滤与紫外辐射结合的处理方法对海水中扁藻的去除效率.结果表明:在此实验条件下,该方法对于扁藻的去除效率可达100%;电镜分析显示扁藻在处理过程中会先后受到微孔过滤的挤压和紫外辐射的伤害,基本上已经不具备继续存活的可能性.研究结果证实了微孔过滤和紫外辐射结合方法对于去除体长≥20μm的水生生物的有效性.     

微絮凝加药过滤技术在油田废水处理中的应用

为了提高油田废水的处理效率,降低滤后水中油和悬浮物的质量浓度,通过系统优化改造开发了微絮凝加药过滤工艺。筛选确定聚合氯化铝铁和改性淀粉作为本工艺的絮凝剂,最佳投药量为3mg/L,经现场试验考察了本工艺对油田废水处理效果。结果表明,微絮凝加药过滤工艺滤后水中油和悬浮物去除率平均提高了50%和30%,远优于传统的直接过滤。说明油田废水经本工艺处理可达到油田回注水标准。     

Simulation and assessment of sludge concentration and rheology in the process of waste activated sludge treatment

The process of using flat-sheet membrane for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD) was employed. The variations of sludge concentration and rheology were characterized and simulated. Based on mass balance analysis, mathematical models were developed and successfully used to predict and evaluate the variations of sludge concentration and the digestion e ciency in the MSTD process. The apparent viscosity of sludge could be modeled as functions of mixed liquor suspended solids and shear rates. The sludge in the MSTD process showed both shear-thinning and viscoplastic behaviour, and under various shear rates di erent rheological models could be chosen to predict their flow behaviour. It was also found that sludge concentration and viscosity had significant correlations with membrane fouling in the MSTD process.     

表面覆膜多层复合纤维滤料过滤性能的数值研究

根据Matlab软件和数值计算前处理软件Gambit中的Journal文件建立了多层复合纤维滤料模型,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术对沿气流方向具有不同纤维填充密度及直径分布的滤料内部的气-固两相流动特性进行了数值研究,计算了不同运行条件下滤料的压力损失及过滤效率,并将数值计算值和经典模型及实验关联式的计算值进行了比较.结果表明,压力损失的数值计算预测值和实验关联式计算值吻合较好,误差在2%以内.随着迎面风速的增加,压力损失呈线性增加.相对于填充密度,纤维直径对压力损失和过滤效率的影响更显著.不同结构滤料过滤效率的数值计算结果和理论模型的计算值变化趋势基本一致.不同迎面风速下,过滤效率都是先减小后增大,对于颗粒直径dp≤0.05μm的颗粒,随着风速的增大,过滤效率减小;对于dp≥0.5μm的颗粒,过滤效率变化趋势正好相反.迎面风速不同,过滤效率最低点出现的位置也不同.对于小颗粒,风速越小,扩散作用起主导作用;而对于大颗粒,风速越大,惯性作用越明显.过滤效率最低点出现在扩散作用逐渐弱化,惯性作用刚刚开始加强的区域.多层复合滤料在结构上采用纤维直径逐层加大的梯次结构时,能够获得较高的过滤效率.而在多层复合滤料表面覆膜后过滤效率平均增加约13%.     

Temporal variability of iron concentrations and fractions in wetland waters in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Chemical forms, reactivities and transformation of iron fractions in marshy waters were investigated with cross-flow filtration technique to study the iron environmental behavior. Iron fractions were divided into four parts: acid-labile iron (pre-acidification of unfiltered marshy water samples, 0.7 μm), high-molecular-weight iron (0.7-0.05 μm), medium-molecular-weight iron (0.05-0.01 μm), and low-molecular-weight iron ( 0.01 μm). The cross-flow filtration suggested that iron primarily exist in both the 0.7 μm and 0.01 μm size fractions in marshy waters. Rainfall is the key for rain-fed wetland to determine fate of iron by changing the aquatic biochemical conditions. By monitoring the variation of iron concentrations and fractions over three years, it was found that dissolved iron and acid-labile iron concentrations exhibit a large variation extent under different annual rainfalls from 2006 to 2008. The seasonal variation for iron species proved that the surface temperature could control some conversion reactions of iron in marshy waters. Low- molecular-weight iron would convert to acid-labile iron gradually with temperature decreasing. The photochemical reactions of iron fractions, especially low-molecular-weight iron had occurred under solar irradiation. The relative proportion of low-molecular-weight in total dissolved iron ranging from 28.3% to 43.2% were found during the day time, which proved that the observed decreasing concentration of acid lability iron was caused by its degradation to low molecular weight iron.     

鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗某煤矿矿井水回用工程

采用过滤-气浮-活性炭吸附-消毒的处理工艺处理矿井水,出水水质达到了生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749-2006）,出水可用于洗浴,其处理过程为煤矿矿井水回用提供了参考实例。     

臭氧对膜法水处理中膜污染的影响

膜过滤是一种高效水处理技术,包括污水处理中的膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）和针对二级生物处理出水（生产再生水）、地表水（生产饮用水）的膜过滤工艺等,其中膜污染是制约膜工艺应用的一个主要问题.臭氧具有强氧化性,在水处理上得到了广泛的应用.近十几年来,针对臭氧-膜过滤组合工艺的研究正变得越来越多,因此本文对这些研究进行了系统综述与分析.在MBR组合臭氧控制膜污染方面的研究中,目前结论相对较少.可以通过对MBR进水预臭氧化或者投加适量臭氧到MBR混合液这2种方式来减轻MBR膜污染.在针对微污染水的臭氧-膜过滤组合工艺中,根据臭氧的功能和结构形式主要分为3种,分别是污染膜臭氧清洗、分离式臭氧-膜工艺和一体式臭氧-膜工艺.绝大部分报道认为臭氧可以有效地控制膜污染的发展,但也有少数投加臭氧后膜污染加剧的情况.目前,臭氧化影响膜污染机制的研究主要集中在有机物方面,根据原水水质和工艺结构参数等的不同,颗粒物、微生物和无机物质也在这个过程中起着相应的作用.另外,在迄今为止的研究中,还缺乏对于臭氧投加方式和分散方式的统一衡量和比较标准.作者建议应该加强对一体式臭氧-膜组合工艺的研究,并且要注意臭氧投加的工艺经济性.     

陶瓷膜组合工艺对水中甲硫醚去除效果研究

采用顶空-固相微萃取和色谱质谱联用仪器方法调查严重污染的河流、相关水源中甲硫醚嗅味物质的分布.结果表明,河流中甲硫醚浓度高达2 907 ng/L,受污染的相关水源中甲硫醚浓度达到53 ng/L.单独陶瓷无机膜工艺对DMS去除的效果为20％左右,而臭氧氧化则具有较好的效果,臭氧-陶瓷膜组合工艺对DMS去除率达到50％～9...