纤维束滤床直接过滤动力学模型

应用单位床单元概念和圆柱池多孔介质模型,推导得到上向流纤维束滤床初始过滤系数表达式,其中收集效率由操作参数构成的无量纲数群关联得到,并据此探讨了悬浮颗粒的去除机理.假设过滤系数是滤床比表面积和空隙流速的函数,推得过滤系数的半经验公式,进而得到了过滤动力学模型.模型中的参数被赋予了明确的物理意义,且能反映操作条件对动力学行为的影响.在不同尺寸悬浮颗粒和不同表观滤速下进行了过滤实验.模型预测值与实验结果比较表明,二者具有一致性.     

石化污水深度处理回用工程实例

采用生物曝气滤池＋超滤的方式对石化企业外排污水进行深度处理，以达到回用于循环冷却水系统的目的。阐述了生物曝气滤池及超滤的主要工艺特点和主要工艺流程，并分析了项目实施后取得的经济效益及环境效益。     

膜生物反应器与传统活性污泥法污泥混合液过滤特性的比较

针对污泥混合液的过滤性能,在运行条件相同的情况下对膜生物反应器(MBR)与传统活性污泥法(CAS)进行比较.实验结果表明:MBR工艺污泥混合液的过滤阻力是CAS工艺过滤阻力的2～3倍;2种工艺悬浮液过滤阻力占总阻力的90%左右.过滤阻力分布实验表明,沉积层阻力占CAS工艺总阻力的87.30%,占MBR工艺总阻力的94.18%.     

超滤技术在水处理中的应用研究

本文介绍了超滤技术和胶团强化超滤新技术,重点对超滤膜在饮用水净化、海水淡化、城市污水处理与中水回用和工业废水处理中的应用进展进行了分析,同时分析了超滤膜的发展趋势和研究方向。     

纤维层表面非稳态过滤研究

根据纤维层表面过滤的“尘滤尘”现象 ,应用颗粒过滤理论建立了纤维层表面非稳态过滤效率的数学模型。对比研究表明该模型能较深刻地揭示了非稳态过滤过程随过滤时间的变化规律 ,从而对深化纤维过滤器的净化机理的认识、提高过滤效率、延长滤料使用寿命、加强清灰管理等方面有理论及应用意义     

双功能陶瓷膜生物反应器处理废水的研究

研制了一种具有抽滤和曝气双重功能的陶瓷膜生物反应器并用于处理废水.比较了废水经陶瓷膜抽滤后的出水浊度和自然沉降后的浊度,经过陶瓷膜过滤后的出水浊度达到自然沉降4～24h的效果.在处理废水的过程中,进行曝气/抽滤的切换,可有效地解决膜的堵塞问题.分别进行了间歇和连续的方法处理废水的试验,其COD负荷分别达到1.1kg/(m³·d)和1.5kg/(m³·d).     

Foliar and root uptake of Cs, Sr and Zn in processing tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

The results of an experimental study on the behaviour of ¹³⁴Cs, ⁸⁵Sr and ⁶⁵Zn in processing tomato plants grown in peat substrate are presented. Plants were contaminated by wet deposition of ¹³⁴Cs, ⁸⁵Sr and ⁶⁵Zn, either by sprinkling the above ground part at two phenological stages or by administering ¹³⁴Cs, ⁸⁵Sr and ⁶⁵Zn to the soil. The plants contaminated at the second phenological stage intercepted 38.3% less than those contaminated at the first stage, although leaf area increased by more than double. Transfer coefficients from peat soil to ripe fruit for ¹³⁴Cs are significantly higher than those for ⁸⁵Sr and ⁶⁵Zn. Leaf to fruit transfer coefficients for ¹³⁴Cs are one order of magnitude higher than for ⁶⁵Zn and two orders higher than for ⁸⁵Sr. Only when deposition affects fruits, as at the second phenological stage, are transfer coefficients to fruits similar for the three radionuclides.     

应用厌氧接触发酵和稳定塘工艺处理小型肉联厂废水

肉联厂废水具有高生物降解性，其水质及排放量随季节变化很大，一般的小型肉联厂不能承担传统的处理方法，本文所述工程为应用厌氧接触发酵－稳定塘工艺，以及用新型过滤材料，取得了显著的效果，为处理小型肉联厂废水提供了一个良好的范例。     

覆膜滤料过滤性能分析

覆膜滤料以其高效低阻、透气性好等特点备受关注。选取4种典型的覆膜滤料,通过静态和动态过滤实验分析其阻力和效率特性,进而对覆膜滤料的过滤性能进行综合分析。结果表明:在清洁阶段,4种覆膜滤料的喷吹周期和残余阻力差异较大,粉尘剥离率平均值为83.2174%,最大偏差为2.32%;在稳定阶段,4种覆膜滤料的清灰周期、残余阻力差异减小且趋于稳定,残余阻力增长率接近且偏差均在5%以内,剥离率平均值为95.4485%,最大偏差仅0.55%。可以看出,稳定阶段覆膜滤料的种类对于阻力增长率和粉尘剥离率影响不大。通过细颗粒物过滤实验可知,评价覆膜滤料对PM2.5的过滤效果需要综合考察滤料清洁阶段和稳定阶段,可为覆膜滤料应用和评价提供指导。     

Rainwater utilization and storm pollution control based on urban runo characterization

The characteristics of urban runo s and their impact on rainwater utilization and storm pollution control were investigated in three di erent functional areas of Zhengzhou City, China. The results showed that in the same rain event the pollutant loads (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS)) in the sampling areas were in the order of industrial area > commercial area > residential area, and within the same area the COD and TSS concentrations of road runo s were higher than those of roof runo s. The first flush e ects in roof and road runo s were observed, hence the initial rainwater should be treated separately to reduce rainwater utilization cost and control storm pollution. The initial roof rainfall of 2 mm in residential area, 5 mm in commercial area and 10 mm in industrial area, and the initial road rainfall of 4 mm in residential area and all the road rainfall in commercial and industrial areas should be collected and treated accordingly before direct discharge or utilization. Based on the strong correlation between COD and TSS (R2, 0.87–0.95) and the low biodegradation capacity (biochemical oxygen demand BOD5/COD < 0.3), a sedimentation process and an e ective filtration system composed of soil and slag were designed to treat the initial rainwater, which could remove over 90% of the pollutant loads. The above results may help to develop better rainwater utilization and pollution control strategies for cities with water shortages.