常规洗井和取样法存在问题及新方法介绍

通过分析国内外研究,阐述了常规洗井和取样(以潜水泵洗井,提桶或贝勒管取样为例)过程的一些弊端,并介绍了一种国内文献中未见的方法—低流速法。该法所采得的样品在代表性方面优势更加明显,获得的数据更加准确。     

华北平原耕作土壤特性对基因工程菌迁移的影响

基因工程菌在土壤中的迁移是影响污染土壤生物强化修复的重要因素.在华北平原饱和耕作土壤中,考察了1株阿特拉津降解基因工程菌迁移留存及其影响因素.结果表明,在饱和耕作土壤中,平流渗透是基因工程菌迁移的主要机制,其过程可用过滤模型拟合.土壤性质对孔隙水流和基因工程菌迁移具有显著影响.随着土壤粒径、孔隙率和土壤砂粒组分增加,土壤水力传导率常数增大,基因工程菌过滤系数减小,土壤对基因工程菌过滤留存作用降低.土壤条件不变时,增加入渗流量也会增大土壤水力传导率常数,减小基因工程菌过滤系数.饱和土壤中,水力传导率常数为5.02~6.70 m·d-1时,基因工程菌在土壤中的过滤系数为0.105~0.274,二者存在显著负相关关系.     

混凝预处理及膜面流速控制对微滤膜污染的影响研究

为研究膜面流速和混凝预处理对微滤过程膜污染的综合影响,用旋流式膜混凝反应器进行了不同流量、入口管径、混凝剂投加量下的除浊试验。结果表明,直接微滤时,高膜面流速加剧了初期膜的孔堵污染,但抑制了滤饼层的累积,适于长期运行;在质量浓度为0~18 mg/L范围内增大聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量可显著抑制膜过滤阻力的增长;以速度梯度（G）表征絮体状态,由于絮体尺寸和错流的综合作用,投加混凝剂后,G在20~70 s-1范围内,414.64 s-1时微滤膜污染较轻。     

Fenton法预处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的研究

采用Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液进行预处理,探讨了pH值、FeSO4/H2O2用量及比例、以及反应时间对CODcr及色度去除率的影响.研究结果表明:当pH =4.0,FeSO4/H2O2用量0.75/7.5 (g/ml),反应时间2.5h,垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的CODcr浓度从4 416 mg/L降低至630.7 ml/L,CODcr去除率达85.7％;色度从1 250倍降低至200倍以下,色度去除率达84％.因此,本工艺对垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的CODcr及色度具有较好的去除效果,作为垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的预处理工艺具有可行性.     

Fault propagation behavior study and root cause reasoning with dynamic Bayesian network based framework

The Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster happened around process facilities. Nowadays the process facilities in petrochemical industries have becoming increasingly large and automatic. There are many risk factors with complex relationships among them. Unfortunately, some operators have poor access to abnormal situation management experience due to the lack of knowledge. However these interdependencies are seldom accounted for in current risk and safety analyses, which also belonged to the main factor causing Bhopal tragedy. Fault propagation behavior of process system is studied in this paper, and a dynamic Bayesian network based framework for root cause reasoning is proposed to deal with abnormal situation. It will help operators to fully understand the relationships among all the risk factors, identify the causes that lead to the abnormal situations, and consider all available safety measures to cope with the situation. Examples from a case study for process facilities are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It also provides a method to help us do things better in the future and to make sure that another such terrible accident never happens again.     

不同织物构造PPS滤料对PM2.5的过滤特性影响分析

针对纤维细度、纤维横截面形状、面层后处理工艺对PM2.5的过滤效率及阻力的影响问题,分别选用1#面层含100％ 2.22 dtex PPS纤维经PTFE浸渍、2#面层含50％ PPS细纤维不经PTFE浸渍、3#面层含50％ PPS细纤维经PTFE浸渍、4#面层含50％ PPS三叶形纤维不经PTFE浸渍、5#面层含50％ PPS三叶形纤维经PTFE浸渍、6#面层PTFE覆膜、7#面层含50％ PPS细纤维和50％ PTFE超细纤维的7种PPS滤料进行过滤性能试验.在环境气溶胶中,采用清洁滤料进行过滤试验研究.结果表明,1 m/min风速下对PM2.5的过滤效率从大到小为6#(81％)、7#(80％)、3#(76％)、5#(72％)、1#(63％)、2#(47％)、4#(41％),各因素中PTFE乳液浸渍后处理工艺的影响最为显著,面层纤维采用细纤维截面设计和三叶形截面设计都能有效增加滤料对PM2.5的过滤效率.过滤阻力方面,6#覆膜滤料随过滤风速增大阻力迅速上升;其他6种滤料的阻力较接近,上升缓慢.过滤品质因数Q值方面,相对于常规滤料,面层中混入细纤维或三叶形纤维滤料的Q增大;提高面层中细纤维比例,也能使Q增大;覆膜滤料效率虽高,但阻力较大,Q最小.     

机动船含油废水处理方法研究

以羟基膦酸钠盐和聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂,对模拟机动船含油废水进行絮凝,使该废水中的乳化油颗粒与絮凝剂形成絮状物而与水相分离,然后再利用超微孔聚氨酯复合材料过滤分离,测得过滤后水相中含油量为2.12 mg/L,低于<船舶污染物排放标准>(GB 3552-83)的排放限值(15 mg/L).这种以羟基膦酸钠盐和聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂、超微孔聚氨酯复合材料为过滤材料的方法,比使用其他絮凝剂、破乳剂和过滤方式的方法效果更好.     

Changes in susceptibility of beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings towards Phytophthora citricola under the influence of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen fertilization

The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis (GDBH) predicts changes in susceptibility of plants against herbivores with changing resource availability. In the presented study we tested the validity of the GDBH for trees infected with a root pathogen. For this purpose Fagus sylvatica seedlings grown under different atmospheric CO₂- and soil nitrogen regimes were infected with the root pathogen Phytophthora citricola. High nitrogen supply increased total biomass of beech regardless of the CO₂-treatment, whereas elevated CO₂ enhanced biomass only in the high nitrogen treatment. The responses of beech under the different growing regimes to the Phytophthora root infection were not in line with the predictions of the GDBH. Enhanced susceptibility of beech against P. citricola was found in seedlings grown under elevated CO₂ and low nitrogen supply. Fifteen months after inoculation these plants were characterized by enhanced water use efficiency, by altered root-shoot ratios, and by enhanced specific root tip densities.     

氢氧化钠-膜过滤法处理含镍电镀废液

介绍了氢氧化钠－膜过滤法处理含镍电镀废液新工艺，并确定了主要的技术参数。该工艺具有回收NiSO4纯度高，出水Ni^2 可实现稳定达排放等优点。     

Root-associated (rhizosphere and endosphere) microbiomes of the Miscanthus sinensis and their response to the heavy metal contamination

The plant root-associated microbiomes, including both the rhizosphere and the root endosphere microbial community, are considered as a critical extension of the plant genome. Comparing to the well-studied rhizosphere microbiome, the understanding of the root endophytic microbiome is still in its infancy. Miscanthus sinensis is a pioneering plant that could thrive on metal contaminated lands and holds the potential for phytoremediation applications. Characterizing its root-associated microbiome, especially the root endophytic microbiome, could provide pivotal knowledge for phytoremediation of mine tailings. In the current study, M. sinensis residing in two Pb/Zn tailings and one uncontaminated site were collected. The results demonstrated that the metal contaminant fractions exposed strong impacts on the microbial community structures. Their influences on the microbial community, however, gradually decreases from the bulk soil through the rhizosphere soil and finally to the endosphere, which resulting in distinct root endophytic microbial community structures compared to both the bulk and rhizosphere soil. Diverse members affiliated with the order Rhizobiales was identified as the core microbiome residing in the root of M. sinensis. In addition, enrichment of plant-growth promoting functions within the root endosphere were predicted, suggesting the root endophytes may provide critical services to the host plant. The current study provides new insights into taxonomy and potential functions of the root-associated microbiomes of the pioneer plant, M. sinensis, which may facilitate future phytoremediation practices.