改性锰砂滤料处理高铁锰煤矿矿井水

采用KMnO4溶液浸渍法制备了新型改性锰砂滤料,研究了滤料表面性能和过滤处理高铁锰矿井水的效果。结果表明,锰砂滤料除铁锰性能优于石英砂、陶粒以及瓷砂,采用KMnO4溶液浸渍能够提高锰砂滤料的过滤性能,最优的浸渍浓度为5%。5%KMnO4改性锰砂滤料过滤处理高铁锰矿井水的最佳工艺参数为：过滤周期24 h,反冲洗强度3.2 L/（s.m2）,反冲洗时间5 min;通过比表面积测试分析和SEM表征分析发现,KMnO4溶液浸渍能够提高锰砂滤料比表面积,并在锰砂滤料表面形成了氧化膜,从而提高除铁除锰效果,而且浸渍液浓度越高,这种作用越明显。     

石化综合污水处理厂出水溶解性微生物产物的特性

溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products,SMP)是生化系统出水残留COD的主要组成部分,通过采用分子量截留超滤分离、有机物树脂分离等方法对某石化综合污水处理厂出水SMP的分子量分布、亲水特性进行了分析研究.结果表明,水样中的SMP占出水残留COD的85%左右。SMP中主要成分是蛋白质,出水中小于1 kDa的有机物是SMP中的主要物质。树脂分离实验表明,亲水性有机物和疏水酸性有机物分别约占出水SMP的50%和20%,是需要进一步处理削减的主要物质类别。     

河流渗滤系统中苯系物污染去除机理实验模拟研究

河流渗滤是一种自然净化过程,污染河水通过该过程在河流沉积层中发生各种物理、化学和生物作用,使得污染物浓度降低,河水水质得到净化,从而达到增加地下水开采量的目的。通过静态吸附实验和淋滤实验模拟了苯系物（BTEX）在河流渗滤系统中的吸附行为和降解行为。两种环境行为中吸附作用对于BTEX的净化效果较为有限,当吸附达到饱和之后,并存在电子受体的情况下,BTEX能够发生厌氧微生物降解,降解作用能够更有效的去除BTEX污染物。其中去除效率最高的是间二甲苯,其次是乙苯、甲苯,去除率最差的是苯。微生物降解作用相对于BTEX浓度变化存在一个滞后期。BTEX各组分的土壤 水吸附分配系数Kd越大,总的降解效率也就越低。通过河流渗滤系统这一自然净化过程,可以有效地去除浓度较高的BTEX混合污染,在两种电子受体的情况下各组分平均去除效率都超过了60%,最高去除率均超过了80%。对于持续不断入渗的污染河水,当土壤吸附达到饱和、微生物活性受到抑制情况下,去除效率会大大降低,从而使BTEX穿透包气带进入含水层,对地下水产生危害     

PPS滤布对柴油机排放PM的过滤效率

基于柴油机实验台架和颗粒捕集装置,采用聚苯硫醚(PPS)针刺毡滤布过滤柴油机排放的颗粒物(PM)。利用称重法,以Whatman玻璃纤维滤纸为对比滤纸,间接测试了3种PPS滤布的过滤效率;同时实验探索了表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间。实验结果表明,3种滤布在180℃的加热条件下将出现颜色和形态的变化;3种滤布在深床过滤期对PM的平均过滤效率分别为78.8%、76.9%和83.7%;表面涂覆聚四氟乙烯的PPS滤布的深床过滤时间为15~20 min,此后其过滤效率可接近100%。     

微絮凝直接过滤-超滤组合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用微絮凝直接过滤作为超滤的预处理工艺,对印染废水二级出水进行深度处理。考察了微絮凝直接过滤一超滤组合工艺处理效果和不同预处理方式砂滤、微絮凝、微絮凝直接过滤对超滤膜污染影响。实验结果表明,微絮凝直接过滤-超滤组合工艺对浊度、色度和COD平均去除率为99．2％、87％和56％;出水水质能满足《城市杂用水水质标准》（GB／T18920—2002）;与其他预处理方式相比,微絮凝直接过滤能大大地减轻超滤膜的负荷,延缓膜的污染,微絮凝直接过滤是一较优预处理工艺。由于采用变孔隙滤料,该系统具有用药量省的优点。     

Enhanced nitrogen deposition exacerbates the negative effect of increasing background ozone in Dactylis glomerata, but not Ranunculus acris

The combined impacts of simulated increased nitrogen (N) deposition (75 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and increasing background ozone (O₃) were studied using two mesotrophic grassland species (Dactylis glomerata and Ranunculus acris) in solardomes, by means of eight O₃ treatments ranging from 15.5 ppb to 92.7 ppb (24 h average mean). A-C_i curves were constructed for each species to gauge effects on photosynthetic efficiency and capacity, and effects on biomass partitioning were determined after 14 weeks. Increasing the background concentration of O₃ reduced the healthy above ground and root biomass of both species, and increased senesced biomass. N fertilisation increased biomass production in D. glomerata, and a significantly greater than additive effect of O₃ and N on root biomass was evident. In contrast, R. acris biomass was not affected by high N. The study shows the combined effects of these pollutants have differential implications for carbon allocation patterns in common grassland species.     

Evaluation of fungal potentiality for bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge

This study was undertaken to screen the filamentous fungi isolated from its relevant habitats (wastewater, sewage sludge and sludge cake) for the bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. A total of 35 fungal strains were tested against wastewater sludge (total suspended solids, TSS 1%-5% w/w) to evaluate its potentiality for enhancing the biodegradability and dewaterability using liquid state bioconversion(LSB) process. The strains were divided into five groups i. e. Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Basidiomycete and Miscellaneous, respectively. The strains WWZP1003, SCahmA103, SCahmT105 and PC-9 among their respective groups of Penicillium,Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Basidiomycete played potential roles in terms of separation (formation of pellets/flocs/filaments),biodegradation(removal of COD) and filtration(filterability) of treated domestic wastewater sludge. The Miscellaneous group was not considered due to its unsatisfactory results as compared to the other groups. The pH value was also influenced by the microbial treatment during fermentation process. The filterability of treated sludge was improved by fungal treatment, and lowest filtration time was recorded for the strain WWZP1003 and SCahmA103 of Penicillium and Aspergillus groups respectively compared with other strains.     

生活污水处理及中水回用工程设计

采用生物接触氧化+絮凝沉淀+过滤+消毒工艺处理生活污水。工程实际运行表明:该工艺占地省,操作管理方便,其出水可以用来绿化环境、浇花、洗车等。     

集装箱焊接烟气治理工程实例分析

介绍了某集装箱厂焊接车间焊接烟尘收集、处理的工程实例,采用的工艺是集阻火过滤器、阻燃型纳米纤维滤筒、活性炭纤维过滤器为一体的多级过滤除尘设备。系统总处理风量98000m3/h,处理前车间内空气主要污染物颗粒物浓度达到7.8～10.5mg/m3。处理后车间内空气质量明显好转,颗粒物的浓度降低到2.56mg/m3以下,达到《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》要求;经处理后污染物最终排放浓度均低于92mg/m3,满足《广东省地方标准大气污染物排放限值》第二时段二级标准要求。     

预臭氧对砂滤过滤性能的影响

通过规模为200L·h-1的连续动态实验,研究了臭氧预处理对砂滤出水浊度、颗粒数以及运行周期的影响.实验结果表明,投加低剂量0.12mg·L-1的臭氧,就可以显著改善砂滤的运行性能.臭氧预处理可以使砂滤出水浊度和粒径范围为3～7μm的颗粒物(与隐孢子虫大小相当)含量分别从平均0.25NTU和584个mL-1下降到0.05NTU和72个mL-1,其它粒径范围的颗粒数也显著下降,砂滤周期延长了1倍.