氮对镉胁迫下东南景天根系形态及镉积累的影响

通过水培试验,研究了供氮(尿素)对镉胁迫下两种生态型东南景天根系形态及镉积累的影响.实验结果表明,当供氮水平为4～16 mmol/L时,能明显促进东南景天的根系生长;当供氮水平为32～64 mmol/L时,与对照相比,东南景天的根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积等指标明显受到抑制.不同供氮水平对两种生态型东南景天0＜D≤0.2 mm的根系生长影响最大,而对D＞0.2 mm的根系影响较小.不同供氮水平下,两种生态型东南景天均以0＜D≤0.4 mm的根系为主,其中根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积分别占总根系长度、总根系表面积和总根系体积的66.3%～81.2%、68.5%～80.3%和62.1%～79.8%.氮素对东南景天的镉积累有一定的促进作用,随着氮素用量的增加,镉积累逐渐升高,与根系形态不同的是,镉积累量在供氮水平为32 mmol/L 时达到最大.适当提高营养液氮素用量有利于提高东南景天的各项根系形态指标和镉积累量.     

Evaluation of media for simultaneous enumeration of total coliform and Escherichia coli in drinking water supplies by membrane filtration techniques

This study evaluated three different dehydrated media for simultaneous detection and enumeration of total coliform （TC） and Escherichia coil in drinking water samples with a standard membrane filtration procedure. The experiment indicated that the differential coliform agar （DCA） medium was the most effective among the tested media in enumerating TC and E. coil, without the need for extensive accompanying confirmation tests. The results for DCA medium were highly reproducible for both TC and E. coil with standard deviation of 6.0 and 6.1, respectively. A high agreement （82%） was found between DCA and m-Endo media on 152 drinking water samples in terms of TC positive. The DCA medium also reduced concealment of background bacteria.     

印染废水回用处理的设计实例

采用"厌氧水解—缺氧—好氧—二次沉淀—超滤—反渗透"组合工艺进行印染废水的处理回用。运行结果表明,在平均进水COD和色度分别为508 mg/L和1695倍的情况下,COD和色度的总去除率分别为94.2%和98.8%,硬度不超过10 mg/L,铁、锰离子未检出,各项指标均达到HJ 471—2009《纺织染整工业废水治理工程技术规范》中的回用标准。GC-MS分析结果显示,二沉池出水中主要有机物成分复杂,超滤出水中有机物浓度有一定降低,反渗透出水中酸类全部被去除、苯胺类和烷烃类含量明显降低。从染色的白位沾色、手感、颜色和亮度等指标分析,回用水的染色效果远优于工业水。污水处理工程总投资约1×10~7元,设计规模4 500 m~3/d,回用水规模2 500 m~3/d,回用率55%,回用运行成本1.80元/m~3。     

Membrane fouling controlled by coagulation/adsorption during direct sewage membrane filtration (DSMF) for organic matter concentration

Unlike the role of the membrane in a membrane bioreactor, which is designed to replace a sediment tank, direct sewage membrane filtration(DSMF), with the goal of concentrating organic matters, is proposed as a pretreatment process in a novel sewage treatment concept. The concept of membrane-based pretreatment is proposed to divide raw sewage into a concentrated part retaining most organics and a filtered part with less pollutant remaining, so that energy recovery and water reuse, respectively, could be realized by post-treatment. A pilot-scale experiment was carried out to verify the feasibility of coagulant/adsorbent addition for membrane fouling control, which has been the main issue during this DSMF process. The results showed that continuous coagulant addition successfully slowed down the increase in filtration resistance, with the resistance maintained below 1.0 × 1013m~(-1) in the first 70 hr before a jump occurred. Furthermore,the adsorbent addition contributed to retarding the occurrence of the filtration resistance jump, achieving simultaneous fouling control and chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration improvement. The final concentrated COD amounted to 7500 mg/L after 6 days of operation.     

静电过滤除尘机组性能的现场测试

JDPL型静电过滤除尘机组是我们根据多年来的理论及实验研究成果而设计的。其在实际运行中的测试结果表明,该机组较普通机组效率提高,阻力降低,清灰效果好。     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

改善污泥脱水性能的丝状真菌的分离及其促进污泥脱水的机制初探

探讨污泥中丝状真菌对污泥脱水性能的影响及其机制,对生物法强化污泥脱水技术的发展具有重要意义.本研究从剩余污泥中分离筛选可以提高污泥脱水性能的丝状真菌,并分析其改善污泥脱水性能的具体机制.结果表明,在剩余污泥中存在着可以促进污泥脱水性能改善的丝状真菌,从中分离筛选出1株毛霉属的真菌Mucor circinelloides ZG-3,该菌对改善污泥脱水性能具有良好的效果.该丝状真菌处理剩余污泥过程中污泥的脱水性能改善效果主要受到接种方式、接种浓度和污泥含固率的影响,其最适接种方式为菌丝体接种,最适接种浓度为10%,最适污泥含固率约为4%.在最适条件下处理污泥可使污泥比阻降低75.1%,显著改善污泥的脱水性能,并且处理后污泥溶液的COD值约为310 mg·L-1,处理后的污泥仍具有良好的沉降性能.M.circinelloides ZG-3处理剩余污泥过程中,污泥脱水性能的改善主要与污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的降解和污泥p H的降低有关.因此,采用M.circinelloides ZG-3处理剩余污泥是一种非常有潜力的新型污泥调理技术.     

静电纺丝过氯乙烯纳米纤维膜对PM10去除效果的研究

静电纺丝纳米纤维膜是一种新型空气净化过滤材料.为了解该材料对PM₁₀的去除效果,以滑石粉粉尘和香烟烟雾为代表研究了静电纺丝过氯乙烯纳米纤维膜对PM₁₀的去除率.结果表明:供试的2类静电纺丝过氯乙烯纳米纤维膜对粉尘的平均去除率分别为93.2%和97.8%,明显高于同类非静电纺丝纤维过滤材料的去除效果;对香烟烟雾有一定的去除效果,4 h的去除率为82.4%.静电纺丝过氯乙烯纳米纤维膜对PM₁₀的过滤作用主要发生在表层,过滤机理以拦截和惯性碰撞为主.