含油污泥离心脱水中离心机参数的选择

通过对含油污泥离心脱水的批量处理和连续处理的研究,取得了含油污泥水固两相离心分离的满意效果.实验表明,适宜的操作参数可提高离心脱水效果.对LWD-430卧式螺旋离心机,当离心速度在1200～1400r/min之间,处理量在1～3 m3/h之间,差转速(转鼓与螺旋推料器的转速差)为20r/min时,离心液体积和COD均达到最佳状况.离心速度过高,会使絮体中的油离解出来,从而使离心液COD增加.差转速增加能明显改善"三泥"的离心脱水效果.     

南水北调穿越北京地铁13号线清河桥施工优化分析

以南水北调工程盾构施工穿越北京地铁13号线清河桥工程为背景,采用有限元分析方法,针对不同施工加固措施及行车速度条件下所引起的桥面竖向变形、桥墩竖向变形和地表沉降等问题进行了研究。总结了预加固旋喷桩配比参数、注浆配比参数及行车速度等因素对各结构变形的影响程度。结果表明:水灰比为1.00时的旋喷桩,既能控制结构变形,又具有较高的经济和施工效益;水泥浆与水玻璃浆之比为1.0∶1.0时的注浆参数最优;行车速度控制在50 km/h以下时,能较好地控制结构变形的发展。最后通过对施工过程中各结构的变形进行监测,验证了优化结果的合理性。     

An analysis of cyclists’ speed at combined pedestrian and cycle paths

Abstract

Objective: In Sweden, cyclists, pedestrians, and moped riders share the space on combined pedestrian and cycle paths, and their speeds may differ greatly. Both actual speed and speed differences can potentially influence the number of accidents on the shared paths. As a starting point, this article studies the speed component and how cyclists’ speed varies at pedestrian and cycle paths depending on the day, week, and year; road user composition; and road design.

Methods: Three data sources were used: Existing measurements of cycle speed and flow in 3 different Swedish municipalities, Eskilstuna (1 site, January–December 2015), Linköping (6 sites, 4?weeks in September–October 2015), and Stockholm (10 sites, 1–5?days in August–September 2015); complementary measurements of cycle speed and flow in Linköping (4 sites, 1–10?days in August–September 2016) and Stockholm (1 site, only part of 2?days in August 2016) were also conducted within the project, in addition to roadside observations of bicycle types at the 5 new sites.

Results: The average speed of cyclists on the paths varied between 12.5 and 26.5?km/h. As expected, the lower average speeds were found in uphill directions, near intersections, and on paths with high pedestrian flows. The higher speeds were found in downhill directions and on commuter routes. In all, 70%–95% of road users observed on pedestrian and cycle paths were cyclists, and 5%–30% were pedestrians. The most common type of bicycle was a comfort bike, followed by a trekking bike. Electric-assisted bicycles and racer bikes occurred at all sites, with proportions of 1%–10% and 1%–15%, respectively. The 2 sites with the highest proportion of electric-assisted bicycles and racer bicycles also had the highest average speeds. The differences in average speed throughout the day, week, and year could only be assessed at one of the sites. Only small differences were found, with the most noticeable being that the average speed was lower in January and February (13.8?km/h) compared to the rest of the year (15.3–16.1?km/h). The average speed was also lower during daytime (14.7?km/h) than during other parts of the day (15.4–15.8?km/h).

Conclusions: The relationship between bicycle type and measured speed was not entirely clear, but the results suggest that paths with higher proportions of electric and racer bicycles have higher average speeds. There also appears to be a connection between average speed and the width of the distribution; that is, the higher the average speed, the wider the speed distribution. More research is needed on how speed levels and speed variance affect accident risk.     

高速铁路电磁辐射特性的研究

对高速铁路列车运行时产生的电磁辐射进行了速度特性、频率特性、多因素显著性分析和长短编组动车电磁辐射时域特性研究。成果可为当前高速铁路建设项目电磁环境影响评价和干扰防护设计提供基础数据和科学依据。     

影响煤巷锚梁网支护施工速度因素浅析

通过对煤巷锚杆支护工艺的分析,指出了现场施工中煤巷锚梁网锚杆支护施工速度的影响因素,通过对这些影响因素的分析,找出了提高锚网施工的快速施工方法,技术人员要根据现场实际情况,不断地总结经验、修改设计参数,寻找出适应不同地质条件下的支护设计参数,优化施工工艺,缩短工艺时间,为煤巷锚杆支护实现真正的快速掘进做出各自的贡献.     

在用柴油车排气检测中发动机转速监控技术

通过对柴油车自由加速检测方法的实际操作行为进行控制,探索发动机转速测量自动控制技术,消除人为因素对检测结果的影响,同时通过计算机对检测过程数据进行监控,规范检测行为,提高检测准确性.     

面向排放量化的低速区间机动车比功率分布特性与模型

随着排放建模方法从基于行驶周期和平均速度演变为基于VSP(Vehicle Specific Power)参数,利用VSP分布刻画交通状态成为最新的研究需求.近期研究中,针对城市快速路上大于20 km·h-1的速度区间建立了基于平均行程速度的VSP分布数学模型,却未对低速区间的VSP分布特征作深入研究.基于北京快速路大量逐秒浮动车数据,研究0～20 km·h-1的VSP分布与平均行程速度的关系.通过分析大量逐秒浮动数据的VSP分布与平均速度间关系,发现VSP分布与平均行程速度具有规律性:各VSP分布的峰值出现在VSP Bin=0处,且随速度的增加单调递减.因此,针对VSP分布的正、负区间以及VSP Bin=0处分别建立数学模型,并利用该模型进行机动车油耗/排放测算.对比分析油耗/排放的预测值和实测值得出,所建立的VSP分布模型可以有效用于机动车油耗/排放测算.     

我国低速汽车污染排放控制对策研究

本文基于本项目前期研究成果即低速汽车污染排放控制主要目标为降低NOx和颗粒排放,在概述当前我国控制低速汽车排放技术措施基础上,提出了进一步控制低速汽车污染排放的相应对策。以期为减少污染,保护环境,促进低速汽车行业健康发展提供政策参考。     

7075铝合金板自然环境太阳辐射热效应及影响因素分析

目的 研究典型金属材料在自然太阳辐射环境下的热效应,并分析试验件属性及环境参数等不同因素对材料热效应的影响规律。方法 通过设计自然环境下太阳辐射热效应试验方案,分析涂层颜色、粗糙度等对7075铝合金材料太阳辐射热效应的影响,建立一种太阳辐射环境下稳态温度的计算算法。结果 获取了在9月前后20 d内的外场辐照度及10组试验件的温度测量数据,得到了涂层颜色、粗糙度等对材料热效应的影响规律。此外,建立的简化算法和试验数据误差在5%以内,具有精度高、形式简单等优势,可以应用于给定辐照强度下典型材料热效应的预测。结论 针对特定试验件,辐照度和风速是影响其热效应的主要因素。当辐照强度在较高的范围内变化时,试验件温升基本和辐照度成正比。随着自然环境风速的增加,试验件温度的下降幅度减小。     

基于驾驶员心率和速度差的高速公路纵坡度研究*

为减少高速公路纵坡路段的事故发生率,利用心生理检测仪采集驾驶员心率数据,使用V-Box采集道路高程和车辆实时速度数据,采用偏相关分析确定影响驾驶员心率增长率和速度差的显著性因素,分别构建驾驶员心率增长率和速度差与坡度之间的关系模型,通过心率增长率阈值和运行速度协调性,从驾驶舒适性角度确定安全坡度范围。研究结果表明:在纵坡路段行车时,驾驶员心率增长率随坡度增大而增加,速度差随坡度增大而增大,坡长与驾驶员心率增长率和速度差呈弱相关;设计车速为100 km/h的高速公路,上坡坡度应小于等于3.7%,下坡坡度应小于等于3.3%,因此建议纵坡坡度小于等于3.3%为宜。研究结果可为高速公路交通安全和人性化设计提供理论依据。