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191.
192.
建筑抗震设计地震作用折减系数的取值方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地震作用折减系数在建筑抗震设计中是政策性、技术性和经济性的综合指标。本文以钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,从技术上介绍了地震作用折减系数的确定原则。在简要介绍我国建筑抗震设计规范设计地震作用—延性等级组合运用中存在不足的基础上,论述了地震作用折减系数三个分量的基本特点,并分四个步骤介绍了其计算取值方法。推荐方法可为建筑抗震设计确定合理的地震作用折减系数提供有益的参考。 相似文献
193.
Fenton process, as a pretreatment method, was found to be effective in the primary treatment of mature/medium landfill leachate. However, the main problem of the process is the large amount of produced sludge that requires an accurate feasibility evaluation for operational applications. In this study, the response surface methodology was applied for the modeling and optimization of Fenton process in three target responses, (1) overall COD removal, (2) sludge to iron ratio (SIR) and (3) organics removal to sludge ratio (ORSR), where the latter two were new self-defined responses for prediction of sludge generation and applicability assessment of the process, respectively. The effective variables included the initial pH, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage. According to the statistical analysis, all the proposed models were adequate (with adjusted R2 of 0.9116–0.9512) and had considerable predictive capability (with prediction R2 up to 0.9092 and appropriate adequate precision). It was found that all the variables had significant effects on the responses, specifically by their observed role in dominant oxidation mechanism. The optimum operational conditions obtained by overlay plot, were found to be initial pH of 5.7, [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio of 17.72 and [Fe2+] of 195 mM, which led to 69% COD removal, 2.4 (l sludge/consumed mole Fe2+) of SIR and 16.5 (gCOD removed/l produced sludge) for ORSR in verification test, in accordance with models-predicted values. Finally, it was observed that [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio and Fe2+ dosage had significant influence on COD removal, while Fe2+ dosage and [H2O2]/[Fe2+] ratio had remarkable effects on SIR and ORSR responses, respectively. 相似文献
194.
We develop an understanding of local governmental efforts to address earthquake risks. Our data for a sample of California
and Washington cities' risk-reduction efforts sort into two different clusters of leading jurisdictions as contrasted with
a cluster of lagging jurisdictions. We explain differences among the three categories of cities in terms of different political-economic
factors. Local governmental willingness and ability to undertake risk-reduction programs have more to do with local political
demands and community resources than with objective risk or previous earthquake experience. State mandates have a selective
impact on local risk-reduction efforts. The principal policy lessons concern the need to address gaps in local risk-reduction
efforts through more careful targeting of federal and state earthquake programs and by including stronger teeth within state
mandates. 相似文献
195.
Sensitivity indices, which rank factors pertinent to surface and subsurface runoff pathways, were used to identify phosphorus
source areas in riparian zones of 15 northern Minnesota lakes. Watershed models were first developed using a geographic information
system (GIS). Empirical models were then developed correlating water quality with land use, lake morphometry, and riparian
sensitivity. Base models of forested, cultivated, pasture/open, wetland and residential land use within 100, 200, 400, and
2000 m of the study lakes were regressed on total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Area-weighted groundwater and surface runoff sensitivity indices were then incorporated into each model and tested for significance.
Within the 200-m buffer, the total phosphorus base model was improved by including the groundwater index alone. The chlorophyll-a base model at 200 m was improved by including: (1) the groundwater index alone, and (2) both the groundwater and surface
runoff sensitivity indices. Results suggest that surface and subsurface runoff analysis of potential source areas can improve
decision making for lake riparian management. 相似文献
196.
江苏省近40年洪涝灾害概况及防洪对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文分析了江苏省40a来洪涝灾害概况及1991年特大洪涝受灾情况。针对江苏实际,提出了减灾对策。 相似文献
197.
铁屑还原-鼓风氧化-石灰凝沉法脱除硫酸生产废水中的砷 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
比较了硫酸生产废水的几种除砷方法,认为铁屑还原-鼓风氧化-石灰凝沉工艺是可行的,此法具有处理量大、处理效果好、运行费用低等优点。 相似文献
198.
199.
干旱对电力生产的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以1994年~1995年干旱对陕西省电力生产的影响为例,论述了干旱对电力生产的影响,在此基础上提出了相应的减灾对策. 相似文献
200.