全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1901篇 |
免费 | 221篇 |
国内免费 | 598篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 157篇 |
废物处理 | 110篇 |
环保管理 | 295篇 |
综合类 | 1258篇 |
基础理论 | 211篇 |
污染及防治 | 222篇 |
评价与监测 | 53篇 |
社会与环境 | 99篇 |
灾害及防治 | 315篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 57篇 |
2022年 | 82篇 |
2021年 | 91篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 85篇 |
2018年 | 58篇 |
2017年 | 86篇 |
2016年 | 104篇 |
2015年 | 121篇 |
2014年 | 125篇 |
2013年 | 169篇 |
2012年 | 218篇 |
2011年 | 257篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 129篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 129篇 |
2006年 | 112篇 |
2005年 | 83篇 |
2004年 | 57篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 62篇 |
2000年 | 48篇 |
1999年 | 27篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 32篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2720条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
911.
This paper presents the use of a model to predict sustained casing pressure (SCP), from early pressure buildup data, as a basis for inherently safer well integrity testing. Inherently safer principles aim to eliminate or reduce the hazards by design rather than by using protective features. SCP, a well integrity issue exhibited in many wells, is any measurable pressure that rebuilds after being bled down and attributable to causes other than artificially applied pressure or temperature fluctuations in the well. Intrusion of gas, resulting in SCP, can occur because of poor cement bond in the casing or cement deterioration. Gas entering the annulus migrates to the wellhead and represents a hazard due to increased wellhead pressure and the gas inventory. Compromised well integrity can have catastrophic consequences on both environmental and safety aspects.Most regulations require the monitoring, testing and, eventually, the elimination of SCP. However, test data analysis is predominantly qualitative and limited to arbitrary criteria. Due to the high percentage of wells that present SCP, accurate, safe and preferably fast testing methods are needed. This paper implements an analytical model, rooted in the transport processes and thermodynamics of the system, to predict pressure profiles and gas accumulation during SCP testing from early-time pressure buildup data. The amount of gas accumulated during different testing criteria, being 1) current practices and 2) early diagnostic by the analytical model, is calculated and compared. Results show that using the analytical model as a predictive tool, testing time is reduced significantly, thereby limiting the amount of gas accumulated and reducing the risk. This makes the testing procedure inherently safer as well as less time consuming. 相似文献
912.
工业碳减排绩效及其影响因素动态分解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
进入21 世纪以来,中国工业碳排放总量仍在波动中增长。为了考查近10 a 来中国工业碳减排绩效,并定量分析影响工业碳减排的主要因素对碳减排的贡献变化情况,论文通过构建中国工业碳排放数据库并运用“精确”的Laspeyres 分解方法,对中国2001-2010 年36 个工业行业CO2减排的影响因素进行了动态分解,研究结果表明:①虽然中国工业CO2排放总量在不断增加,但CO2排放增长率和工业碳排放强度双双降低,在考察周期内,CO2排放总量从2001 年 2.89×109 t 增长到2010 年7.16×109 t,工业碳排放量增长率则从2003 年最高值18.86%持续下降至2009 年的5.77%,工业整体碳排放强度由2001 年的29.14 t/104元下降到2010 年的18.12 t/104 元;②工业经济规模不断增加是工业CO2排放增加的主导因素,技术进步和结构调整则有效抑制了CO2的增加,10 a 间规模效应对CO2排放总量增加的贡献度年均达到191.81%,但是由于受到技术进步效应和结构调整效应的共同作用,10 a 来总效应值年均只有109.15%;③较之技术进步效应,结构调整效应对工业CO2减排的贡献度更大,结构调整效应累计促进碳减排达2.07× 109 t,而技术进步效应促进减排的总量只有1.14×109 t。论文认为,着力中长期减排政策的制定,以保证技术进步在碳减排中持续发挥作用,同时充分挖掘结构调整对减排作用潜力是中国实现工业碳减排的务实选择。 相似文献
913.
考察了以RuCl3·3H2O为前驱物,以AC(颗粒活性炭)为载体制备Ru/AC时,焙烧氛围、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对Ru/AC催化活性的影响,并利用XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectra,X射线光电子能谱分析)、BET(brunner-emmet-teller method,比表面积测定)和SEM(scanning electronic microscopy,扫描电镜)等手段对样品进行了表征. 结果表明,不同焙烧氛围中制备的Ru/AC活性有较大差异:在N2焙烧氛围中,容易形成去除BrO3-的有效活性组分(RuO2);而在真空焙烧氛围中,几乎没有活性组分的产生;在H2-N2〔φ(H2)为1.5%,φ(N2)为98.5%〕氛围中焙烧,负载在AC上的活性组分有Ru0(单质钌)和RuO2. 焙烧温度对Ru/AC去除BrO3-的性能有着较为显著的影响,高温有利于AC的石墨化进程,载体性能得到优化;但焙烧温度过高(1 000 ℃)时,会产生金属颗粒团聚现象;最适宜的焙烧温度为900 ℃. Ru/AC的活性随着焙烧时间的延长呈先增后降的趋势;焙烧时间为3 h时,载体的比表面积和孔容积得到提高且有效活性组分能够均匀地分散在AC载体上. 综上,Ru/AC催化剂的最优焙烧条件:焙烧氛围为N2,焙烧温度为900 ℃,焙烧时间为3 h. 在该条件下制备的Ru/AC利于形成去除BrO3-的活性物质RuO2,并且其能够均匀地分布在AC载体上,使催化反应进行得更为彻底,可在2 h内将BrO3-全部去除. 相似文献
914.
Stern Mwakalimi Kita 《Disasters》2019,43(1):135-156
Chiefs are at the centre of household and community development efforts in most low‐income countries around the world. Yet, researchers and scholars have paid limited attention to the institution of chieftaincy and to understanding its role in the management of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. This paper draws on a micro ethnographic evaluation conducted in two predominantly rural districts of Malawi in southeast Africa to assess two different manifestations of elite control. In the first case, a resettlement programme was implemented where chiefs were co‐opted and took the lead. In the second case, a food insecurity response programme was designed to exclude chiefs. The study finds that neither co‐opting nor countering chiefs prevents elite capture. Rather, the majority of chiefs oscillate between malevolent and benevolent capture. The findings require that states focus on the cultural and political dimensions of rural life when designing climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction programmes. 相似文献
915.
Gemma Sou 《Disasters》2019,43(2):289-310
The most important theoretical argument concerning decentralised participatory governance is that it can make a government more accountable for the needs of the governed. Key to this process are participatory spaces that act as mechanisms for dialogue between citizens and local government. However, within Cochabamba, a city in the centre of Bolivia, South America, ‘at‐risk’ citizens engage minimally with disaster risk issues in participatory spaces, despite high levels of civic participation. This is because ‘at‐risk’ populations view disasters as a private/household problem that is symptomatic of household error, rather than seeing them as a broader public problem due to wider structural inequalities. Consequently, they redistribute responsibility for disaster risk reduction towards households, which (re)produces the absolution of government authorities as guarantors of disaster risk reduction. This paper challenges the normative assumption that participatory spaces facilitate democratic deliberation of disaster risk reduction and the downward accountability of local government for disaster risk reduction. 相似文献
916.
Jing Peng Ke Wang Xiangbo Yin Xiaoqing Yin Mengfei Du Yingzhi Gao Philip Antwi Nanqi Ren Aijie Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(6):93
917.
紫外/亚硫酸盐(UV/SO32-)是一种基于紫外活化SO32-离子依靠生成还原性自由基——水合电子降解目标污染物的高级还原工艺.本文研究了UV/SO32-加速降解含碘造影剂泛影酸钠(DTZ)的效能、机制与影响因素以及UV/SO32-降解DTZ的路径.结果表明,UV/SO32-降解DTZ符合一级动力学模型,降解速率快于单独UV和紫外/过氧化氢工艺,且降解速率随SO32-浓度的增加而升高.弱碱性或碱性水质可强化UV/SO32-降解效率,背景有机物对降解DTZ有一定抑制作用.DTZ降解机制包括直接光解和还原性自由基攻击,其中自由基攻击占主要部分.DTZ在UV/SO32-的降解路径包括取代、脱羧基羟基化和酰胺键断裂等. 相似文献
918.
抗剪强度折减系数法在基坑土钉墙稳定性分析中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
深基坑土钉墙支护结构由于其经济可靠且施工快速简便,已在许多国家得到迅速的发展和应用。但由于土钉墙支护基坑边坡稳定性分析中土体计算参数的难以确定,常常误导土钉设计,造成众多基坑土钉墙事故的发生。笔者根据抗剪强度折减系数理论,并结合FLAC3D三维动态仿真模拟.分析了基坑土钉墙在开挖与支护作用下的应力场与位移场分布形态特征,据此得出其发生扰动后的综合强度参数,以此综合强度参数计算基坑坡体的安全系数,为基坑土钉墙稳定性分析提供了有效途径。 相似文献
919.
污泥自热高温好氧消化工艺及影响因素 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了污泥自热高温好氧消化(ATAD)技术,其具有污泥稳定与杀菌的双重功效,处理效率高,体积小、运行方便。经过消化处理后的污泥,大部分病原菌被灭活,可以作为一种富养分、高质量的肥土应用于农田。文中对ATAD的工艺原理、流程、反应器构造及影响因素等进行了探讨。 相似文献
920.