论保护三江平原湿地的意义与措施

20世纪后半叶,三江平原进行了大规模的开发,虽然为国家粮食供应做出了贡献,但大片湿地遭到破坏。现在为拯救中国这块唯一保持原始面貌的淡水湿地,当地政府制定了具体的三江平原湿地保护条例。建立了国家级的自然保护区,保护三江平原湿地终于纳入了政府工作的议事日程,为了加深人们对保护三江平原湿地意义的认识,本文从分析三江平原湿地的自然状况、三江湿地开发对当地生态和经济的影响入手,论述了三江平原湿地保护的重要意义和应采取的具体措施。     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

我国农村环境保护立法现状及完善建议

面对日益严峻的农村环保形势,针对目前我国农村环保问题现状,从立法角度分析目前我国农村环境保护法律规定、存在问题,并提出了完善我国农村环保立法的建议。     

山岳型宗教旅游地的土地利用分析--九华山风景名胜区实证研究

九华山风景名胜区是山岳型宗教旅游地。通过对九华山风景区的实地调查，总结了该类旅游地的土地利用特点，即统一性和协调性、难以变更性、总量有限性，并进行了土地利用沿革、变更和影响方面的分析。利用层次分析法从生存指标、发展指标、社会指标、环境指标和智力指标5个方面对九华山风景区的土地利用进行了定量讨论，认为九华山风景区土地利用问题现阶段主要集中在九华街景区、花台景区和柯村景区。在此基础上，对九华山风景区土地的可持续利用提出了相应的对策。     

Rural Poverty Reduction through Business Partnerships? Examples of Experience from the Forestry Sector

At the Earth Summit in Johannesburg in 2002, partnerships were touted as one of the key routes to sustainable development. But can partnerships really deliver improvements to rural livelihoods? This paper reviews one set of claimed partnerships, those between forestry companies and local individuals or communities, to assess the benefits, and the costs, to local livelihoods. Most arrangements between forestry companies and local communities are not equitable enough to be called partnerships, so the term “deal” is preferred. Positive local impacts of company–community deals include sharing of risks, better returns to land than otherwise possible, opportunities for income diversification, access to paid employment, development of new skills, upgrading of local infrastructure and environmental improvement. However, company–community deals have not yet proved sufficient to lift people out of poverty. They remain supplementary rather than central to income generation. Furthermore, while some deals have resulted in greater cohesion and organisation among community groups, there is as yet little evidence of substantial increases in community bargaining power. Ways forward to increase returns to communities (and to their counterpart companies) centre on moving towards more equal partnerships, by raising community bargaining power, fostering the roles of brokers and other third parties, and developing equitable, efficient and accountable governance frameworks.     

四湖地区农产品增值研究

对四湖地区的农产品资源进行了全面的分析，该地区的农产品优势资源为大米，淡水鱼、牲猪、蔬菜和水生经济作物中的莲藕等。通过对该地区的农产品加工现状进行综合分析，认为农产品的加工增值存在的问题障碍了该地区农业进一步发展，进而提出了相应的措施以及变区域资源优势为地方经济优势的策略。     

Private participation in isolated grids in Mozambique

This article presents a case study from Mozambique of the electrification of two selected towns under a World Bank financed project. Low-cost electricity services were extended to the two isolated areas after an enabling framework had been created for private sector participation. The World Bank project also demonstrates that the private sector can be attracted to participate in rural electrification schemes even in a poor country. The example shown in this article is one of the few of its kind in SubSaharan Africa.     

浅论农村生态环境的主要问题及其保护对策

农村环境质量不能得到改善，全国环境质量 难以改善。但长期来由于经济发展的压力和各咎人为破坏，工农业污染和自然损毁退化等，使农村生态环境问题十分突出，已成为区域可持续发展的严重制约因素，。许多贫困地区难以走上小康之路，生态环境经是重要原因之一。该文在概述了我国农村生态环境主要问题的基础上，着重报导致其恶化的主观原因，并提出了一些具体的对策措施。     

农村能源与环境保护

分析中国农村能源的构成、农村用能与生态环境,探讨农村能源的开发利用。     

三峡库区生态安全问题与对策

具体分析了三峡库区自然、社会和经济三方面的生态安全问题。采用相对资源承载力的研究思路与计算方法，得出该地区超载人口占该地区总人口的比例达37．4％，人地矛盾日益突出的结论。针对三峡库区的生态安全问题，提出了如下的对策：建立科学合理的生态补偿机制和库区立体管理模式；建立库区生态安全预警系统和绿色GDP核算体系；倡导各产业在生态安全下的生产经营运行模式；建立库区县市级管理责任定位体制，明确不同部门、地区所对应的库区生态流域单元的管理权限和责任：积极引导公众进行安全生产和科技减灾。