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81.
82.
以太湖流域环境敏感区内某村为例,介绍了太阳能驱动的污水处理一体化设备对农村生活污水处理的应用。连续6个月的运行及监测数据表明,污水处理实际消耗电量与光伏发电量比值为54.3%,能够有效地保证污水处理所需动力。污水处理部分采用A/O-BF一体化技术,生活污水经处理以后,出水水质达到GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中一级A标准。太阳能驱动的污水处理一体化设备运行稳定、故障率低、无需投加药剂且无运行费用,适宜在太湖流域的农村地区推广应用。 相似文献
83.
Reed MG 《Environmental management》2007,39(1):30-49
Advocates of community-based approaches to environmental management argue that by respecting local circumstances, skills,
and concerns we may improve the prospects of achieving environmental sustainability; yet, within nation states such as Canada,
environmental conditions, management and enforcement costs and capabilities, and power differentials within and among civic
and public sectors may result in a highly differentiated capacity for environmental management across different localities
and regions. This article draws on insights of political ecology to 1) create a conceptual framework that identifies key elements
shaping regional environmental management regimes and to 2) undertake a comparative analysis to assess how elements interact
to generate uneven management outcomes. I compare experiences of two Canadian biosphere reserves designated in 2000: Clayoquot
Sound, BC; and Redberry Lake, SK. Analysis reveals that differences in governance and institutional capacities in the biosphere
reserves are key to explaining uneven local outcomes. Where the public and civic sectors are strong, a robust and publicly
vetted form of management will emerge. Where these sectors are weak and land is held as private property, environmental nongovernmental
organizations can set the type and level of management, to the exclusion of effective civic and state involvement. This result
may improve environmental sustainability but hinder social sustainability of a management regime and raises questions about
the efficacy of community-based management. 相似文献
84.
田至美 《中国ISO14000认证》2009,(2):11-15
主体功能区划主要在于解决区域问题,用科学发展观协调区域发展。本文从区域发展的整体性出发,用空间发展的相互作用理论分析了北京山区各主体功能区协调发展的区域背景。 相似文献
85.
Raphael Abiodun Olawepo 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(2):108-122
Fish production and marketing are as old as the rural communities involved in the lucrative occupation in Badagry area of
Lagos State, Nigeria. A random sampling of 200 fishermen using Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques (PRA) in five Badagry
villages was used to explore coastal fishing and socio-economic development in the study area with a view to enhancing local
productivity and sustainability. The findings show that an average fisherman in Badagry is aware of the resources available
in his environment, and can affect productivity levels positively if given adequate incentives. There are two lessons from
this study; one has to do with what PRA tells us about the fishing community, the other is the importance of facilitators
that have, amongst other things, good listening skills. The experience also revealed that field workers’ ability to listen
and learn from local fishermen was a critical factor in collecting in-depth information that could be used for rural community
planning. 相似文献
86.
Sonja Vermeulen Ani Adiwinata Nawir James Mayers 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(1):1-18
At the Earth Summit in Johannesburg in 2002, partnerships were touted as one of the key routes to sustainable development. But can partnerships really deliver improvements to rural livelihoods? This paper reviews one set of claimed partnerships, those between forestry companies and local individuals or communities, to assess the benefits, and the costs, to local livelihoods. Most arrangements between forestry companies and local communities are not equitable enough to be called partnerships, so the term “deal” is preferred. Positive local impacts of company–community deals include sharing of risks, better returns to land than otherwise possible, opportunities for income diversification, access to paid employment, development of new skills, upgrading of local infrastructure and environmental improvement. However, company–community deals have not yet proved sufficient to lift people out of poverty. They remain supplementary rather than central to income generation. Furthermore, while some deals have resulted in greater cohesion and organisation among community groups, there is as yet little evidence of substantial increases in community bargaining power. Ways forward to increase returns to communities (and to their counterpart companies) centre on moving towards more equal partnerships, by raising community bargaining power, fostering the roles of brokers and other third parties, and developing equitable, efficient and accountable governance frameworks. 相似文献
87.
基于ESDA的京津冀地区草地变化空间分异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论文以县域为基本研究空间单元,借助GIS软件与Geoda空间统计分析软件,利用ESDA方法,对京津冀地区县域草地资源数量变化的总体与局域空间差异进行了分析。结果表明:①1980-2000年京津冀地区草地动态变化系数的Global Moran’s I为0.184 4,α = 0.05时呈显著的空间正相关,草地变化呈现出较明显的空间集聚特征;②时段Ⅰ(1980-1995年)到时段Ⅱ(1995-2000年)的全局Moran指数有所增加,表明草地变化在空间分布上集聚的趋势在增强;③各县域Local Moran’s I的Grid图反映了京津冀地区草地变化在局域空间上的均质性,尤其是高值区域与低值区域的集聚特征十分显著;④LISA集聚4种类型中,正相关的"H-H"类型区、"L-L"类型区占主体部分,二者约占总数的70%以上,其中,在时段Ⅱ,"H-H"关联的县域主要聚集在西北部山区,而中部的平原区域则表现出明显的"L-L"关联特征。 相似文献
88.
三峡库区典型退耕还林模式土壤养分流失控制 总被引:12,自引:6,他引:6
选择三峡库区典型退耕还林模式,包括园地(茶园)及林地(板栗)与原有坡耕地对照,观测并分析其土壤养分(氮磷)输出途径及数量情况,以评估实施退耕还林工程对流域土壤养分输出的影响.结果表明:1退耕后土壤养分氮磷年流失量(包括随泥沙和地表径流流失的量)减少;总氮(TN)年输出量从大到小依次为坡耕地(2 444.27 g·hm-2)茶园地(998.70g·hm-2)板栗林地(532.61 g·hm-2);总磷(TP)为坡耕地(1 690.48 g·hm-2)茶园地(488.06 g·hm-2)板栗林地(129.00 g·hm-2);与坡耕地比较,退耕还林模式(园地、林地)总氮、总磷年输出载荷分别减少了68.68%和81.75%.2茶园地、板栗林地与坡耕地相比,土壤养分速效态氮流失量明显减少,硝态氮(NO-3-N)输出总量依次为坡耕地(113.79g·hm-2)茶园地(73.75 g·hm-2)板栗林地(56.06 g·hm-2);铵态氮(NH+4-N)养分输出次序为茶园最大(69.34 g·hm-2),坡耕地次之(52.45 g·hm-2),板栗林地最小(47.23 g·hm-2).3硝态氮、铵态氮主要通过地表径流输出,所占总量比例分别为91.4%和92.2%;总氮和总磷主要通过泥沙输出,所占总量比例分别为86.6%和98.4%.通过退耕还林等措施,该地区地表径流以及土壤侵蚀输出明显减少,土壤养分流失得到有效控制. 相似文献
89.
雄安新区是千年大计、国家大事,水资源短缺与水体污染成为制约其发展的主要问题。从水资源利用效率及节水潜力视角出发,以深圳发展历程为标杆,结合情景分析与方向性距离函数等模型,展示到2035年不同情景的雄安水资源利用效率及节水潜力发展图景和路径。研究表明:从利用效率看,在基准、起步、建成情景下雄安呈现出由低效率区到较高效率区再到高效率区的变化态势。从节水潜力看,效率改善空间减小、技术落差比增加等表明雄安节水潜力得到充分挖掘。杜绝污水直排、积极发展污水处理技术、优化新区产业结构等是促使水资源利用效率提高的有效手段,是雄安实现绿色生态发展的重要保障。 相似文献
90.