基于红色旅游的国土空间规划层级传导与冲突协调研究

以跨行政区域线状分布且多与自然资源相伴而生的红色旅游资源为切入点,针对区域红色旅游与国土空间规划拟合错位、红色旅游与三条控制线相互交织等问题,围绕国土空间规划层级传导和冲突协调展开探讨：以纵横传导双向引擎的方式构建分层次有传导的红色旅游空间体系,从而打破红色旅游区域协调和用地管制的问题;科学合理地协调红色旅游与三条控制线的冲突,当红色旅游与生态保护红线和永久基本农田红线冲突时应强调在保护中发展,在城镇开发边界内的红色文化资源应强调在发展中保护。本文旨在为红色旅游在国土空间规划体系下探索一条高质量发展路径,同时提高国土空间规划编制和三条控制线划定的科学性和可操作性。     

乌鲁木齐市相对资源承载力与可持续发展问题研究

文章采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,以全国和新疆作为参照区域,分别计算了1996年-2008年时段内的各年乌鲁木齐市自然资源、经济资源的相对承载力和综合承载力,同时分析了它们的动态变化过程。研究结果表明,1996年以来乌鲁木齐市的相对自然资源(土地资源和水资源)承载力始终处于超载状态,相对经济资源承载力始终呈富余状态,并且继续攀升。1996年-2004年综合资源承载力处于富余阶段,2004年之后始终处于超载。经济资源对于综合资源承载力的贡献远远大于土地资源和水资源承载力的贡献,经济资源占绝对优势。土地资源的紧缺和水资源的缺乏将成为乌鲁木齐市社会经济可持续发展的重要限制因素,因此,实现人口、资源、环境与经济的相互协调,提高土地资源和水资源承载力以及转变经济增长模式、保持绿色GDP的增长是保证乌鲁木齐市可持续发展的最关键问题。     

农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发的选址环境影响评价

传统有机磷、有机氯农药具有高毒性、持久性和环境激素效应,处于痕量和超痕量浓度水平都可能给人类生命健康和生态环境带来严重威胁和风险。由于农药及其副产物的历史残留、累积及跨界迁移和分布,农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发场地环评具有很大困难。结合南方某市一大型农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发项目的案例,探讨了该类场地评价中基础资料的搜集方法和环评中应遵循的理念和原则。     

现代运动服装结构及面料功能性设计研究

现代运动服装越来越重视功能性及舒适性。运动服装功能性具体体现在服装款式结构设计的功能性和功能性面料的选择两个方面。结构设计应考虑运动项目的特点、人体工学以及运动所处环境等因素：运动服装的面料应选择具有耐牢性、舒适性能较好的材料。     

Random parameter models for accident prediction on two-lane undivided highways in India

Introduction

Generalized linear modeling (GLM), with the assumption of Poisson or negative binomial error structure, has been widely employed in road accident modeling. A number of explanatory variables related to traffic, road geometry, and environment that contribute to accident occurrence have been identified and accident prediction models have been proposed. The accident prediction models reported in literature largely employ the fixed parameter modeling approach, where the magnitude of influence of an explanatory variable is considered to be fixed for any observation in the population. Similar models have been proposed for Indian highways too, which include additional variables representing traffic composition. The mixed traffic on Indian highways comes with a lot of variability within, ranging from difference in vehicle types to variability in driver behavior. This could result in variability in the effect of explanatory variables on accidents across locations. Random parameter models, which can capture some of such variability, are expected to be more appropriate for the Indian situation.

Method

The present study is an attempt to employ random parameter modeling for accident prediction on two-lane undivided rural highways in India. Three years of accident history, from nearly 200 km of highway segments, is used to calibrate and validate the models.

Results

The results of the analysis suggest that the model coefficients for traffic volume, proportion of cars, motorized two-wheelers and trucks in traffic, and driveway density and horizontal and vertical curvatures are randomly distributed across locations.

Conclusions

The paper is concluded with a discussion on modeling results and the limitations of the present study.     

Severity models of cross-median and rollover crashes on rural divided highways in Pennsylvania

Introduction

Crossover and rollover crashes in earth-divided, traversable medians on rural divided highways can lead to severe injury outcomes. This study estimated severity models of these two crash types. Vehicle, driver, roadway, and median cross-section design data were factors considered in the models. A unique aspect of the data used to estimate the models were the availability of median cross-slope data, which are not commonly included in roadway inventory data files.

Methods

A binary logit model of cross-median crash severity and a multinomial logit model of rollover crash severity were estimated using five years of data from rural divided highways in Pennsylvania.

Results

The highest probability of a fatal or major injury in cross-median and rollover crashes was found to occur in cases when a driver was not wearing a seatbelt. While flatter cross-slopes and narrower medians were associated with more severe cross-median crash outcomes, steeper cross-slopes and narrower medians significantly increased rollover crash severity outcomes. The presence of horizontal curves was associated with increased probabilities of high-severity outcomes in a median rollover crash.

Impact on Industry

Modeling results in this study confirmed that cross-median and median rollover crash severity outcomes are associated with median cross-section design characteristics. Based on the estimated models, it appears that flatter and narrower medians lead to more severe injury outcomes in cross-median crashes. Steeper median cross-slopes and narrower medians were associated with higher probabilities of more severe outcomes in median rollover crashes. The results presented in this study suggest that there is a trade-off between median cross-section design and cross-median and rollover crashes in earth-divided, traversable medians on rural divided highways. While the severity models can be included in a framework to develop design guidance in relation to this trade-off, models of crash frequency should also be considered.     

过氧化氢热爆炸研究进展

过氧化氢作为绿色环保的氧化剂,广泛应用于工业的各个领域,同时也因其热分解爆炸危险性导致了一系列严重的火灾爆炸事故。过氧化氢在高温或与一些不兼容化学物质作用下,将会激发其热危险性,进而引发热失控反应,最终导致爆炸事故的发生。结合近年来国内发生的过氧化氢热爆炸事故,简要概述了其热爆炸事故历程,并从理论研究和实验研究两个方面综述了过氧化氢热爆炸的研究进展。理论研究方面,主要介绍了化学反应失控模型和基于热动力学的研究方法,尤其对基于热失控模型的热风险评估进行了详细的阐述。实验研究方面,分析了高温条件下与杂质催化作用下过氧化氢的热危险性,包括无机杂质和有机杂质。最后就过氧化氢热爆炸的研究提出了进一步的研究方向。     

美国煤矿安全管理发展的研究与分析

为借鉴发达国家在煤矿安全管理的成功经验和失败教训,尽快提高我国煤矿的安全管理水平,采用数量统计和归纳总结等方法,分析美国煤矿安全生产水平与其社会政治、经济、法制、文化、科技、装备等的关系,讨论美国在不同社会发展阶段的社会政治经济特征;根据不同发展阶段的社会生态类型、安全诉求和安全观念对煤矿安全的影响,总结归纳美国由煤矿安全事故高发期向事故快速稳定下降期转变所采取的不同的煤矿安全管理策略。提出煤矿安全发展过程具有明显的阶段性特点,指出在由农业社会向工业化社会发展阶段,事故快速上升是必然的过程,通过完善法律法规等办法可加快煤矿安全向稳定好转的方向发展。     

再接再励,争取更大成绩

本文概述了环境科学技术的特点和在中国的发展情况,展望九十年代环境科学新的发展形势;回顾了随着环境科学技术的发展,《环境科学》杂杂志不断发展与完善的历程,表达编者办好杂志的良好愿望.     

流域水电开发环境影响后评价实践与思考

环境影响后评价必将是未来环境影响评价领导另一新的研究课题,而目前尚未出台相关规范导则。本文根据流域环境影响后评价的工作实践,明确提出开展流域梯级水电开发环境影响后评价的理论框架和评价思路,供国内重点流域梯级水电开发开展环境影响后评价提供经验和参考。