长庆气田甲醇污水水质特点分析

长庆气田天然气开采加工过程中产生的甲醇污水水质复杂,区域差异大,只有正确认识甲醇污水水质特点,才能有针对性地进行甲醇污水处理工艺设计及运行管理,确保系统平稳、安全运行。文章分析了靖边气田、榆林气田、苏里格气田甲醇污水水质特点,对以上气田水质进行综合比较。应根据含醇污水水质特点,随着水质的变化进行相应的工艺调整。     

废弃油基钻井液无害化处理技术与工艺进展

文章分析了近几年国内外废弃油基钻井液处理技术的研究进展,重点介绍了热解吸技术、摩擦热解吸技术、超临界流体萃取技术、化学反应-强化分离+无害化处理技术、超声波与化学破乳剂相结合技术以及除油剂-闪蒸回收技术等。分别对其处理废弃油基钻井液的作用原理、主要过程、处理效率及技术优缺点进行阐述,并对各种技术的优缺点进行了比较。     

基于3S技术的矿产资源开发景观格局动态变化研究——以木里县梭罗沟金矿改扩建工程为例

本文在阐述3S技术特点的基础上,以四川省木里县梭罗沟金矿改扩建工程所在地的梭罗沟和如米沟为研究区,介绍了3S技术在景观格局信息提取的技术要求、数据收集和工作流程,并对研究区景观格局的提取结果进行了动态变化预测与分析。实例研究证明,3S技术是景观生态学研究的重要技术工具,应用3S技术开展矿产资源开发景观格局动态评价,可以准确、快速地提取景观格局的主要特征指标,掌握景观格局现状、预测其动态变化特征、揭示其变化规律,满足区域景观格局研究的要求。本研究方法适用于生态类建设项目或区域开发规划的景观格局中短期动态预测研究,不宜用于景观格局长期的动态预测。     

大型公共场所室内空气净化技术

介绍了室内空气污染特别是大型公共场所的空气污染问题,以及常见的空气净化技术及发展情况,通过分析工程实例,提出了空气污染治理及净化技术应用的一些建议。     

我国环境技术转移模式与运行保障机制的研究

全面阐述了我国环境技术成果转化推广机制建设取得的积极进展,以及当前存在的困难和问题;基于环境技术转移体制机制的内涵,提出了环境技术转化转移机制建设应遵循的四项原则;论述了环境技术转化转移模式选择和六项保障环境技术转化转移能动健康运行的保障机制性措施。     

干酵母生产废水处理方案的改造及应用

干酵母生产废水是一种高浓度有机废水,COD高达13,000mg/L,色度在900倍以上。原方案采用厌氧、硝化(曝气)、反硝化、化学混凝等工艺,但水质不能达到排放标准,且运行成本高。采用EM(有效微生物)技术对原方案进行改造后,废水处理收到较好的效果,并降低了运行成本。     

Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline,thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Sludge digestion is critical to control the spread of ARGs from wastewater to soil. Fate of ARGs in three pretreatment-AD processes was investigated. UP was more efficient for ARGs removal than AP and THP in pretreatment-AD process. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA gene. The bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria. Sewage sludge in the wastewater treatment plants contains considerable amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A few studies have reported that anaerobic digestion (AD) could successfully remove some ARGs from sewage sludge, but information on the fate of ARGs in sludge pretreatment-AD process is still very limited. In this study, three sludge pretreatment methods, including alkaline, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments, were compared to investigate the distribution and removal of ARGs in the sludge pretreatment-AD process. Results showed that the ARGs removal efficiency of AD itself was approximately 50.77%, and if these three sludge pretreatments were applied, the total ARGs removal efficiency of the whole pretreatment-AD process could be improved up to 52.50%–75.07%. The ultrasonic pretreatment was more efficient than alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatments. Although thermal hydrolysis reduced ARGs obviously, the total ARGs rebounded considerably after inoculation and were only removed slightly in the subsequent AD process. Furthermore, it was found that the total ARGs concentration significantly correlated with the amount of 16S rRNA gene during the pretreatment and AD processes, and the bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria.     

Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

• Shale oil and gas production generates wastewater with complex composition. • Membrane technologies emerged for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. • Membrane technologies should tolerate high TDS and consume low primary energy. • Pretreatment is a key component of integrated wastewater treatment systems. • Full-scale implementation of membrane technologies is highly desirable. Shale oil and gas exploitation not only consumes substantial amounts of freshwater but also generates large quantities of hazardous wastewater. Tremendous research efforts have been invested in developing membrane-based technologies for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. Despite their success at the laboratory scale, membrane processes have not been implemented at full scale in the oil and gas fields. In this article, we analyze the growing demands of wastewater treatment in shale oil and gas production, and then critically review the current stage of membrane technologies applied to the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. We focus on the unique niche of those technologies due to their advantages and limitations, and use mechanical vapor compression as the benchmark for comparison. We also highlight the importance of pretreatment as a key component of integrated treatment trains, in order to improve the performance of downstream membrane processes and water product quality. We emphasize the lack of sufficient efforts to scale up existing membrane technologies, and suggest that a stronger collaboration between academia and industry is of paramount importance to translate membrane technologies developed in the laboratory to the practical applications by the shale oil and gas industry.     

Three common metal contaminants of urban runoff (Zn, Cu & Pb) accumulate in freshwater biofilm and modify embedded bacterial communities

We investigated the absorption rates of zinc, copper and lead in freshwater biofilm and assessed whether biofilm bacterial populations are affected by exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of these metals in flow chamber microcosms. Metals were rapidly accumulated by the biofilm and then retained for at least 14 days after transfer to uncontaminated water. Changes in bacterial populations were assessed by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Significant differences in bacterial community structure occurred within only three days of exposure to metals and remained detectable at least 14 days after transfer to uncontaminated water. The rapid uptake of stormwater-associated metals and their retention in the biofilm highlight the potential role of biofilms in the transfer of metals to organisms at higher trophic levels. The sensitivity of stream biofilm bacterial populations to metal exposure supports their use as an indicator of stream ecological health.     

一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌的筛选及生长条件研究

从广东省大宝山矿区尾矿中分离纯化得到一株嗜酸细菌,对其进行DNA提取和16S rRNA扩增后测序,将测序结果与国际基因数据库Genbank中已有相关菌株序列进行相似性比对后,发现该菌株与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacil-lus ferrooxidans)Tf-49菌位于系统发育树的同一分支中,二者相似度高达99%以上,确定其为氧化亚铁硫杆菌并命名为DBS-8菌。另外,通过设计5因素4水平的正交实验,研究了接种量、培养温度、硫酸铵浓度、初始pH和初始亚铁浓度对该菌株生长状况的影响。结果表明适宜该菌株生长的最佳初始条件为:20%的接种量、3.0 g/L硫酸铵、9.0 g/L初始亚铁、pH=2.0和28℃培养,各初始条件对细菌生长影响的顺序为:pH初始亚铁浓度接种量温度硫酸铵浓度。