汉江水华水文因素作用机理--基于藻类生长动力学的研究

在相关文献的基础上总结影响汉江水华的水文因素包括流量、流速和水面比降,根据河流动力学理论,讨论了它们之间的内在联系。在此基础上,从生物生长动力学的角度,将连续流反应器原理应用于汉江水华现象,提出了汉江连续流生物反应器模型,并根据Monod方程分析,认为汉江中的藻类浓度与水流速度应成指数关系。由此,建立了汉江藻类浓度与水流速度关系数学模型a = m exp(k/ν)。利用汉江1992年至2000年实测资料,通过回归分析进一步确定了汉江的藻类浓度与水流速度函数关系中的常数m=8.9759、k=0.9054,相关系数r=0.924 4。最后,对流速、流量和长江水位对汉江水华的作用机理进行了分析,揭示了水文因素影响汉江水华的作用机理。     

厌氧折流板反应器在制药废水处理中的研究

将厌氧折流板反应器控制在酸化水解阶段处理高浓度乙酰螺旋酶素制药废水,经过长时间的运行表明：该反应器结构简单,启动时间短,有效地提高了废水中挥发酸的浓度,缩小了pH值的变化范围,稳定了水质,改善了废水的可生化性．确保了甲烷发酵阶段的长期稳定运行。     

Biological removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions

Removal of selenate in saline wastewater by activated sludge was examined. Sequencing batch reactor was operated under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions. Above 97% removal of soluble selenium (Se) was achieved continuously. Major Se removal mechanism varied depending on the length of aeration period. Various Se-reducing bacteria likely contributed to coordinately to Se removal. Selenium (Se)-containing industrial wastewater is often coupled with notable salinity. However, limited studies have examined biological treatment of Se-containing wastewater under high salinity conditions. In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge was applied to treat selenate in synthetic saline wastewater (3% w/v NaCl) supplemented with lactate as the carbon source. Start-up of the SBR was performed with addition of 1–5 mM of selenate under oxygen-limiting conditions, which succeeded in removing more than 99% of the soluble Se. Then, the treatment of 1 mM Se with cycle duration of 3 days was carried out under alternating anoxic/oxic conditions by adding aeration period after oxygen-limiting period. Although the SBR maintained soluble Se removal of above 97%, considerable amount of solid Se remained in the effluent as suspended solids and total Se removal fluctuated between about 40 and 80%. Surprisingly, the mass balance calculation found a considerable decrease of Se accumulated in the SBR when the aeration period was prolonged to 7 h, indicating very efficient Se biovolatilization. Furthermore, microbial community analysis suggested that various Se-reducing bacteria coordinately contributed to the removal of Se in the SBR and main contributors varied depending on the operational conditions. This study will offer implications for practical biological treatment of selenium in saline wastewater.     

活性碳纤维电极-生物膜反应器对废水的强化脱氮性能

利用自制的活性碳纤维电极-生物膜反应器对低碳氮比(碳元素与氮元素的质量比)废水进行了脱氮实验.实验结果表明:当进水COD和碳氮比较低时,碳氮比和电流密度均对反应器的脱氮性能有很大影响;当碳氮比小于3.0时,出水的ρ(NO3--N)随进水碳氮比的增大而减小;当进水COD为70 mg/L,ρ( NO3--N)为35 mg/L、碳氮比为2.0、电流密度为0.025 mA/cm2、反应时间为8h时,出水的ρ(NO3--N)达到最低值11.2 mg/L,NO3--N去除率为68.0％.在适宜的碳氮比条件下,电极-生物膜反应器具有显著的强化脱氮作用,其对NO3--N的去除率与单纯生物膜反应器相比可提高6.0～15.0个百分点.保持碳氮比不变,提高进水COD会导致所需电流密度的提高和脱氮能力的下降.     

钢厂烧结烟气高硫高尘SCR工艺受硫酸氢铵影响的分析与对策

将高硫高尘选择性催化还原（SCR）工艺应用于钢厂烧结烟气脱硝,分析了硫酸氢铵（ABS）的形成原因、影响因素及常规工艺控制,并提出了应对措施。研究结果表明,NH₃、SO₃和温度等是影响ABS生成的主要因素。最低连续喷氨温度应高于ABS分解温度且不低于310 ℃,可有效抑制ABS生成。根据数值模拟结果,在高温烟道至反应器入口的弯头处设置导流板可保证氨气均布。采用带前馈信号的串级控制模式调节喷氨量,控制催化剂吹灰器的时间频次,可有效防止催化剂失活和堵灰。工程实践结果显示,脱硝效率不低于94.1%,NO_x排放质量浓度不高于36.5 mg/Nm³,符合设计要求。     

SCR系统中板式和蜂巢式催化剂的选取

选择性催化氧化还原法(SCR)是当今国际上最为成熟、有效的烟气脱硝技术。催化剂作为SCR工艺流程中最重要的设备部件，对SCR工艺的效率起着决定性的作用。分析了2种脱硝催化剂的物理、化学特性，以及它的优缺点，为催化剂的选取提供参考。     

接触氧化污水处理技术的研究现状与展望

本文简述了污水处理中生物接触氧化技术的工艺特点及其发展历史，综述了国内外研究及应用现状，为进一步开展该技术的研究和新工艺的开发提供参考。接触氧化技术将是未来我国水处理的主要发展方向之一，文中展望了该技术的一些发展方向。     

Biological mine drainage treatment

Drainage from sulphur mines contains a high concentration of ferrous iron and it is strongly acidic. The mechanism of acid mine drainage formation was briefly explained. As a case study, successful measures taken at the abandoned Matsuo mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, for preventing the pollution in receiving rivers was presented in this paper. The measures consisted of the construction works against pollution sources and the construction of a drainage treatment plant in which Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous iron under a low pH condition, and produced ferric iron is removed by sedimentation. Then, a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor using anion exchange resin as attaching material for the bacteria was examined in order to improve the efficiency of biological oxidation of ferrous iron. More than 90% of oxidation had been maintained for 2 months at 1 h of HRT, which suggests that the size of the oxidation tank could be reduced.     

AEB反应器反硝化处理高浓度硝酸盐废水

采用缺氧膨胀床(AEB)反应器处理高浓度硝酸盐废水,研究了反应器的快速启动和挂膜特性,以及在反硝化连续流运行条件下对废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:采用自然挂膜方式,填料层从下至上生物膜厚度逐渐增加;AEB的快速启动8 d可完成,COD去除率由44.9%升至92.3%,NO_3~--N去除率由39.8%升至98.4%;稳定运行阶段(进水COD 4 628～5 548 mg/L、ρ(NO_3~--N) 1 339～1 505 mg/L),COD去除率稳定在95%左右,NO_3~--N去除率稳定在98%～99%,COD和NO_3~--N的容积负荷去除量最高可达27.8 kg/(m~3·d)和7.3 kg/(m~3·d)。     

浅析热冲击对自增强反应器的影响

自增强反应器在服役期间，其残余应力会因开停车循环载荷作用，温度、压力的波动及管内介质发生超温分解反应引起的热冲击等因素的作用而衰减，为了比较系统地探讨热冲击引起的自增强残余应力衰减机理和管材损伤机理，本从研究管式反应器受热冲击作用时的应力响应出发，建立相应数学模型，得到了应力随时间变化曲线，应力随半径变化曲线，通过分析得出了热冲击发生时产生的动态应力和异常高温是引起残余应力松弛和材质发生相变和老化的主要原因。