氧化镁脱硫结垢研究

对氧化镁脱硫法中的结垢问题进行了系统的研究 ,通过对比实验 ,分析了结垢的机理、氧化镁法在防止结垢方面所具有的优势及其原因 ,提出了实际中判断结垢倾向的方法和避免结垢的合理建议。     

曝气生物滤池去除有机物与反应常数及膜厚的关系

推导了BAF前置反硝化工艺简化动力学模型,揭示了BAF去除有机物与反应速率常数与膜厚的关系。同时以生物膜中活性物质与非活性物质增长生物数学模型体系为基础,从理论上推导了BAF最佳膜厚的范围。     

石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究

针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题，在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程，通过分析液相的组成，结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明，当pH控制在6.0～4．0时，既能避免结垢，又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。     

负载型TiO2膜太阳光光催化降解活性深蓝K-R的研究

采用抛物线槽型反应装置,研究了玻璃弹簧和微珠负载型TiO2膜太阳光催化降解活性深蓝K-R,结果表明,由于玻璃弹簧具有良好的光透距离,脱色性能显著优于玻璃微珠,玻璃弹簧为载体,水溶液浓度为15mg/L,pH为3,流速为20mL/s,太阳光强度在1200 μW/cm2以上,光降解6h时,脱色率达到96%; 该降解反应可用一级反应动力学方程进行描述,反应速率常数（K）与光强I的关系为：K∝I1.92。     

基于模糊评价的VDT系统搜索策略绩效形成机理研究

为优化视觉显示终端（VDT）结构性搜索界面的布局,提高作业绩效和安全,设计了VDT系统搜索实验,构建了搜索目标位置在4个主观偏好指标下的Pythagorean模糊集决策矩阵,运用交互式多准则决策（TODIM）法计算各目标位置偏好的总体优势度并排序;同时对VDT系统搜索实验中各目标位置的绩效进行方差分析并排序,分析系统搜索策略下作业者对目标位置的主观偏好与绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明:基于系统搜索策略的VDT作业绩效在不同目标位置差异显著;导致绩效差异的根本原因是作业者对搜索目标位置的主观偏好度,而不是搜索目标的位置属性;除中心区域外,偏好度高的区域搜索绩效要优于偏好度低的区域。     

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelines.     

中国人口集疏格局与形成机制研究

人口集聚和疏散是人口空间分布格局最直观和最集中的体现,基于人口集聚度的中国人口集疏的空间格局和形成机制的研究,有助于准确把握中国人口空间分布的基本脉络,具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。研究采用了人口集聚度分级评价的方法,依据人口集聚度的不同,将各个地区划分为不同等级的人口集聚区,并对其分别讨论。在此基础上,结合中国人口分布格局、自然条件的空间分布格局、人居环境自然适宜性评价结果以及经济发展格局和城市化格局,对中国的人口集疏的空间格局进行了归纳,并进一步对相应的形成机制进行了探讨,得出了我国人口分布的空间不平衡日益加剧,并呈现沿海、沿江、沿线集聚的态势的基本结论,并对我国人口分布集疏格局的形成进行了探讨,提出了自然因素奠定我国人口分布的基本格局,而经济发展不平衡与城市化成为人口集聚的动力的观点。     

The ecological effects of trichloroacetic acid in the environment

Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a member of the family of compounds known as chloroacetic acids, which includes mono-, di- and trichloroacetic acid. The significant property these compounds share is that they are all phytotoxic. TCAA once was widely used as a potent herbicide. However, long after TCAA's use as a herbicide was discontinued, its presence is still detected in the environment in various compartments. Methods for quantifying TCAA in aqueous and solid samples are summarized. Concentrations in various environmental compartments are presented, with a discussion of the possible formation of TCAA through natural processes. Concentrations of TCAA found to be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms in laboratory and field studies were compiled and used to estimate risk quotients for soil and surface waters. TCAA levels in most water bodies not directly affected by point sources appear to be well below toxicity levels for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. Given the phytotoxicity of TCAA, aquatic plants and phytoplankton would be the aquatic species to monitor for potential effects. Given the concentrations of TCAA measured in various soils, there appears to be a risk to terrestrial organisms. Soil uptake of TCAA by plants has been shown to be rapid. Also, combined uptake of TCAA from soil and directly from the atmosphere has been shown. Therefore, risk quotients derived from soil exposure may underestimate the risk TCAA poses to plants. Moreover, TCE and TCA have been shown to be taken up by plants and converted to TCAA, thus leading to an additional exposure route. Mono- and di-chloroacetic acids can co-occur with TCAA in the atmosphere and soil and are more phytotoxic than TCAA. The cumulative effects of TCAA and compounds with similar toxic effects found in air and soil must be considered in subsequent terrestrial ecosystem risk assessments.     

LB复合膜选择性检测水中痕量镉离子的方法研究

开发了一种利用LB复合膜选择性地检测水中痕量镉离子的技术方法,研究了最佳LB复合膜检测器的制作条件.用表面活性剂十二烷基-(2-噻唑偶氮)间苯二酚(DTAR)作显色剂,对乙烯基硬脂酸盐(PVS)、十八烷基异丁烯酸盐(PMOA)、乙烯基-N-氨基甲酸十八烷基酯(PVOC)和顺丁烯二酸酐-1-十八烯(PMO)4种聚合物进行了强度实验,得出稳定的检测器结构,即偶数层DTAR上附着单层PVOC的LB复合膜.经过灵敏度实验,制作出最佳LB复合膜检测器DTAR6-PVOC1,在pH为7.5,温度40℃且搅拌的反应条件下,该检测器可以在10 min之内检出10-7mol/L镉,并可目视定性及半定量检测出水中痕量镉离子.水中可能共存的离子中只有CU2+和Zn2+会干扰镉离子的检测,需要抑制.      

常温空气无焰燃烧中NOx生成的研究

研究了常温空气无焰燃烧中Nox的生成规律.实验研究和计算分析表明,在燃烧器射流对称轴上(300mm×2000mm的空间内),自喷口至炉膛中心处,有一个温度较低的剧烈的燃气与空气扩散混合区,在此区域内,不生成Nox;温度大于1320K的区域,开始生成N2O;在炉膛后部温度大于1810K的高温区,开始生成NO.过量空气系数与容积热负荷对烟气中Nox生成量的影响不大与传统的扩散火焰或预混火焰不同,常温空气无焰燃烧反应发生在一个弥散的宽广区域,在整个炉膛内同时进行,炉膛内高温区面积很小,因而Nox的生成量低,排放稳定.