黄河口近岸海域沉积物酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)的研究

测定了黄河口近岸海域11个站位表层沉积物样品的酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步浸提重金属(SEM)含量,对AVS、SEM和差值(SEM-AVS)的大小和平面分布进行了分析,结果表明:该海域表层沉积物AVS含量范围为0.152～1.847 μmol/g,平均值为0.935 μmol/g;SEM含量分布范围为0.899～1.863 μmol/g,平均值为1.327 μmol/g,调查海域表层沉积物SEM-AVS差值的变化范围为-0.594～1.365 μmol/g,平均值为0.392 μmol/g.黄河口门沉积物中重金属(SEM)可能对水生生物有一定的毒性;在调查海域的东部和北部海域存在两个低值区,沉积物中重金属是安全的,从黄河口向莱州湾内,沉积物重金属对水生生物的毒性是逐渐降低的.     

枣庄市大气颗粒物扫描电镜分析和来源识别

应用扫描电镜-X射线能谱对枣庄市大气颗粒物进行定性分析,得出如下结论：（1）枣庄市大气颗粒物中含有燃煤颗粒、土壤颗粒、水泥颗粒、汽车尾气颗粒、石膏颗粒、植物残体颗粒和未知颗粒;（2）依据颗粒粒数百分比统计结果。得出枣庄市大气颗粒物以水泥颗粒、土壤颗粒和燃煤颗粒为主,汽车尾气颗粒和其它颗粒含量很少;（3）对枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径进行统计,得出枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径集中分布在2．5μm～20岬范围内,其粒数百分比在80％以上。     

数字图像技术结合小岛法在煤分形特征中的应用

为探究煤的孔裂隙结构分形特征,以贵州富煤区4个煤层的煤样为研究对象,基于扫描电镜和低温液氮实验综合表征煤样的孔裂隙发育程度及连通性,应用Photoshop,Image-Pro-Plus图像处理技术对煤的SEM图像进行二值化处理及主要参数提取;结合小岛法计算煤样的孔裂隙分形维数值,并与扫描电镜、低温液氮实验分析结果进行对...     

Continuous treatment of azo acid dyes by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge

Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS)have been demonstrated in a continuousflow bench-scale reactor.The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5.The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time.The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time.AB92,which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non-para positions,was uniquely degraded.During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS,complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40mg/L and 30mg/L,respectively,was achieved with an HRT of 16.     

Effect of cadmium on growth, ultramorphology of leaf and secondary metabolites of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn

The pollution is increasing in the environment by different kinds of human activities, which results in the accumulation of heavy metals including cadmium in the soil and water and it causes different types of problems to living beings. As the plants are utilized by human being as food and medicine, therefore, it is mandatory to see the effect of metals on plants. In this context, efforts have been made to observe the effect of different concentration of Cadmium (Cd) on Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn., because Cd is the widespread metal and the plants response to low and high level of exposure is a complex phenomenon. P. amarus is mostly grown as weed in agricultural and waste lands. It is a reputed plant used in Indian indigenous systems of medicine with hepatoprotective, diuretic, stomachic properties and is recently being used for the treatment of hepatitis B. The study revealed that Cd causes significant decrease in fresh and dry weight, length of root and shoot, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids and sugar and increase in starch content. It is interesting to note that the therapeutically active compounds—phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, enhanced at certain levels of Cd due to abiotic stress. Besides, the ultramorpholical changes were also observed in stomatal opening and wax deposition on both the surfaces of leaves.     

Fine structure and X-ray microanalysis of a red macrophyte cultured under cadmium stress

Thalli of the red alga Audouinella saviana were exposed to 600 microM Cd2+ (LC50), 1000 microM Cd2+ and 1500 microM Cd2+ (final concentrations) for 5, 10 and 15 days (each dose) by adding cadmium nitrate to the culture medium. Untreated thalli were set in triplicate as controls for each experiment. Ultrastructural modifications due to cadmium ad/absorption were observed by TEM/SEM electron microscopy. SEM-EDS X-ray microanalysis, definining the accumulation sites, was performed on cryoprepared samples. TEM studies showed striking changes in the plasmalemma of treated algae, which became irregular and convoluted. Electron-transparent exocytic vesicles, possibly related to cell wall polysaccharide synthesis, were observed. The appearance of ribosomes and Golgi bodies, not significantly present in the cytoplasms of untreated cells, suggested enhanced protein and carbohydrate biosynthesis. The cell walls lost their initial grooves and became smooth and thick. More or less electron-dense vesicular systems were formed. Electron-dense sphaeroids occurred in the plasmalemma-cell wall interface, in the cell wall itself and in nearby vesicular membrane systems. Many small vacuoles containing large metal complexes were formed. Complexes were then sequestered into a large vacuole. SEM observations demonstrated that the cell wall and the membrane systems were the most involved in the defense responses. EDS-X-ray microanalysis confirmed the presence of cadmium in these compartments. Chloroplasts, where no Cd2+ signal was detected, were the least affected organelles, showing only a partial disorganization after lengthy exposure to high Cd2+ concentrations.     

低透气性煤层点式酸化压裂增透技术研究与应用*

为解决富含矿物质煤层透气性问题,基于点式压裂和酸液增透煤体机制,提出点式酸化压裂增透技术,通过扫描电镜试验确定适合三元煤矿酸液配比体系。结果表明:点式酸化压裂钻孔组平均抽采瓦斯流量和浓度是普通钻孔组的3.65,1.72倍,是点式水力压裂钻孔组的1.32,1.06倍;点式酸化压裂增透效果明显优于点式水力压裂;且其增透煤体起裂压力和同等条件下注液量均低于点式水力压裂,点式酸化压裂实现煤体定点、低流量、大范围、快速增透,通过将物理增透与化学增透相结合,可有效提高煤体孔隙-裂隙结构发育程度和整体连通性,有助于煤体中瓦斯运移,提高采收率。     

基于感知失衡的外卖配送交通安全研究*

为降低外卖配送交通事故发生概率,通过有序多分类Logistic回归分析个体属性与交通事故关联性,构建交通安全风险感知与配送效率感知失衡模型,分析外卖配送交通安全影响因素及路径关系。结果表明:配送员年龄、入行渠道对交通事故影响显著;COVID-19健康成本感知对交通安全风险感知和配送效率感知的失衡有显著中介调节作用。要实现交通感知平衡状态,互联网平台企业有必要按配送员年龄段、就业渠道实施差异化管理,树立良好交通安全意识。研究结果可为破解外卖配送“交通文明洼地”提供启示。     

噬重金属离子功能微生物的驯化及电镜表征

介绍了噬重金属离子混合微生物的培养、驯化流程。对重金属离子驯化后的功能微生物进行SEM、TEM表征:经驯化后,微生物种群数量急剧减少,但适应性个体数量明显增加,且细胞结构,表面形态均发生显著变化。球状菌和丝状真菌紧密共生,大量球状菌附着于丝状真菌构成的网状结构上。     

强化UV/Fenton法降解水中苯酚的研究

研究了UV/Fenton法处理含苯酚废水时H2 O2 和FeSO4 加入量及苯酚初始浓度对酚去除效果的影响及C2 O2 -4 对UV/Fenton法的增强效果。 [H2 O2 ]=2 0mmol/L ,[FeSO4 ]=5mmol/L ,反应 2 0min ,苯酚初始浓度为 5 0mg/L时 ,酚去除率达 99%。UV/Fenton体系中引入C2 O2 -4 后可有效提高对紫外和可见光的利用率 ,进而提高了对高浓度苯酚废水去除效果