丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯的合成与螯合性能研究

用2,3-二羟基苯甲酸经羟基保护、酰胺化、酯化和去保护4步反应,生成一种新型的四齿丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯配体.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)和质谱(MS)对其结构进行了表征.在中性pH值条件下,研究了这种配体对铀酰离子的络合能力.结果表明,丙二酸二(2-(2,3-二羟基苯甲酰胺)乙基)酯配体与铀酰离子的螯合常数为23.2.     

覆膜滤料特性实验研究

覆膜滤料是降低微细颗粒物排放,降低大气环境中PM2．5浓度源头的净化技术之一。对氟美斯（FMS ）针刺毡为基布覆膜滤料,进行了表面微观结构电镜扫描,同时,进行了这种滤料的阻力实验测试和分级效率测试。表面电镜扫描结果显示,覆膜呈微孔且直径为0．5μm左右的多层铰链结构。实验结果表明,覆膜滤料周期性清灰后阻力为1200 Pa ,万次老化实验后覆膜滤料阻力是1163．3 Pa;在过滤风速为1．4 m／min时,滤料对PM2．5的过滤效率高于99％。实验结果对使用覆膜滤料的布袋除尘器设计具有一定指导意义。     

基于文本挖掘的煤矿安全隐患管理研究

为探寻安全隐患的内在特征,加深安全管理人员对安全隐患的理解,提升安全管理效率。以潞安集团司马煤业有限公司2009—2015年安全隐患记录为数据源,利用Word2Vec模型构建安全隐患词向量模型,从模型中获取各类安全隐患主要相关词,利用桑基图解释安全隐患在不同隐患地点、生产作业单位的特征分布,并进一步揭示相关安全隐患的细节特征。结果表明:词向量模型能有效发掘安全隐患特征,桑基图能突出呈现安全隐患的关键信息流动。上述措施有助于管理人员深刻理解安全隐患数据中蕴含的潜在规律,为煤矿安全隐患排查治理工作提供依据,指导安全管理实践。     

基于多因素分析的玻璃行业员工不安全行为研究

采用问卷调查、信效度分析和因子分析等方法,研究玻璃行业不安全行为影响因素,研究结果表明：玻璃行业员工不安全行为主要包括车间照明、PPE佩戴等18个影响因素指标;根据方差分析结果将影响因素归结为工作环境与行为要求（F₁）、安全教育与培训（F₂）、群体与组织行为影响（F₃）和激励沟通与奖惩（F₄）等4个主因子,其方差解释率分别为32%、12%、10%、10%,权重分别为0.51、0.19、0.15、0.15;根据分析结果针对性提出“4+1”安全管理模式,为玻璃行业降低不安全行为几率、保障安全生产提供理论依据。     

CO_2 Emission Induced by Urban Household Consumption in China

Household consumption is one of the important factors that induce COL emission. Based on input-output model, this article calculated the intensity of CO2 emission of different income groups and seven provinces in China, and then estimated total CO2 emission induced by urban household consumption from 1995 to 2004 in China based on statistic data of household living expenditure. The results show that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption had increased from 1583 to 2498 kg CO2 during 1995-2004. The ratio of consumption-induced CO2 emission to total CO2 emission had risen from 19% to 30% in the past decade. Indirect CO2 emission accounted for an important part of the consumption-induced emission, the ratio of indirect emission to consumption-induced emission had risen from 69% to 79% during the same period. A significant difference in consumption-induced CO2 emission across different income groups and different regions has been observed. COs emission per capita of higher income groups and developed regions increased faster than that of lower income groups and developing regions. Changing lifestyle has driven significant increase in CO2 emission. Especially, increases in private transport expenditure （for example, vehicle expenditure） and house building expenditure are key driving factors of growth in consumption-induced COL emission. There are big differences in the amount of CO2 emission induced by change in lifestyle across different income groups and provinces. It can be expected that lower income households and developing regions will increase consumption to improve their livings with income growth in the future, which may induce much more CO2 emission. A reasonable level of CO2 emission is necessary to satisfy human needs and to improve living standard, but a noticeable fact is that CO2 emission per capita induced by household consumption in developed areas of China had reached a quite high level. Adjustment in lifestyle towards a low-carbon society is in urgent need.     

Acid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline TiO2 from titanate nanotubes: Influence of acids on the photodegradation of gaseous toluene

In order to efficiently remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air, onedimensional titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) were hydrothermally treated to prepare TiO₂ nanocrystals with different crystalline phases, shapes and sizes. The influences of various acids such as CH₃COOH, HNO₃, HCl, HF and H₂SO₄ used in the treatment were separately compared to optimize the performance of the TiO₂ nanocrystals. Comparedwith the strong and corrosive inorganic acids, CH₃COOH was not only safer andmore environmentally friendly, but also more efficient in promoting the photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO₂. Itwasobserved that the anatase TiO₂ synthesized in 15 mol/L CH₃COOH solution exhibited the highest photodegradation rate of gaseous toluene (94%), exceeding that of P25 (44%) by a factor ofmore than two. The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to the small crystallite size and surface modification by CH₃COOH. The influence of relative humidity (20%-80%) on the performance of TiO₂ nanocrystals was also studied. The anatase TiO₂ synthesized in 15 mol/L CH₃COOH solution was more tolerant tomoisture than the other TiO₂ nanocrystals and P25.     

磁性污泥基生物炭对Pb2+的吸附性能

为克服湿法制备磁性生物炭颗粒时团聚严重、固液分离困难、热解前需消耗大量能源脱水干化的问题,本研究以市政污泥为原料,通过无溶剂法热解制备了磁性污泥基生物炭(MSBC-2),并利用SEM、FTIR、XPS、VMS和Raman等方法对产物的表面结构与特征进行了表征。基于序批实验,分析了pH、温度、背景离子强度、生物炭投加量对该吸附材料的Pb²⁺吸附性能的影响,并进行了吸附动力学、吸附等温线及吸附热力学研究。结果表明：MSBC-2的Pb²⁺去除率随pH及温度的升高而升高,pH>4后去除率基本不变,离子强度对Pb²⁺去除率基本无影响。MSBC-2对Pb²⁺的吸附行为符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir模型,表明吸附过程的限速步骤为化学反应,吸附为单分子层吸附;MSBC-2的反应速率常数k₂是未改性生物炭的4.1倍,25 ℃时最大理论吸附容量为113.36 mg·g⁻¹,高于大多数湿法制备的磁性生物炭;该吸附过程非自发、吸热且熵增过程;MSBC-2对Pb²⁺的吸附机理主要包括表面络合、离子交换和物理吸附。     

某燃煤超低排放机组非常规污染物脱除

燃煤电厂非常规污染物的排放尚未引起足够的重视。为全面表征燃煤电厂非常规污染物脱除性能,针对某1 000 MW燃煤超低排放机组,分别采用FPM和CPM一体化采样系统、安大略法(OHM)、控制冷凝法、HJ 646-2013规定的有机物测试方法,系统研究了CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs等非常规污染物的梯级脱除特性。结果表明：100%、75%负荷时低-低温电除尘系统对CPM脱除率分别为87.15%、92.20%,湿法脱硫分别为49.65%、45.55%,不同负荷下FPM分别为3.6、4.4 mg·m⁻³,但CPM却分别达14.2、15.3 mg·m⁻³,CPM的浓度远超FPM;低-低温电除尘系统脱Hg效率为64.81%,整个系统的脱Hg效率为75.5%,Hg^p全部被脱除,剩余的是难以脱除的Hg⁰、Hg²⁺,脱除率分别为为63.01%、64.29%,Hg⁰排放浓度为5.4 μg·m⁻³,Hg²⁺排放浓度为0.5 μg·m⁻³;SCR脱硝催化剂将SO₂氧化成SO₃的转化率约为0.7%,低-低温电除尘系统可脱除88.7%的SO₃,湿法脱硫对SO₃的脱除率为29.63%,最终SO₃排放浓度为1.9 mg·m⁻³;全系统对16种PAHs脱除率达94.25%,其中,气相、固相脱除率分别为91.61%、99.27%,最终气相、固相PAHs排放浓度分别为2.39 μg·m⁻³和0.11 μg·m⁻³。现有超低排放设备对非常规污染物均有不同程度的协同脱除效果,满负荷条件下该机组CPM、Hg、SO₃、PAHs排放浓度分别为14.2 mg·m⁻³、5.9 μg·m⁻³、1.9 mg·m⁻³、2.5 μg·m⁻³,Hg的排放浓度满足火电厂大气污染物排放标准(GB 13223-2011)中30 μg·m⁻³的要求,CPM、SO₃、PAHs尚无国家强制排放标准。本研究结果可为燃煤电厂后续非常规污染物的控制提供参考。     

DBD结构对船用LNG发动机尾气CH4氧化脱除的影响

为提高等离子体氧化CH₄的脱除效率,同时避免放电过程中副产物NO_x的生成,在模拟天然气 (LNG) 发动机排气中,研究了介质阻挡放电 (DBD) 反应器电极结构参数对CH₄脱除效率、CO₂选择性及NO_x生成的影响及其机理。结果表明：增大电极直径使得气隙中折合场强E/N提高,增加了·O和·OH自由基的生成,促进了CH₄的氧化,提高了CO₂选择性;内电极直径的增大使E/N在气隙中分布更加集中,抑制了N₂(X, v)和N自由基的生成,减少了副反应的发生。与圆杆电极相比,螺纹电极的螺牙顶部附近具有过高的电场强度,从而促进N自由基的生成并抑制·O自由基的产生,故圆杆电极比螺纹电极具有更高的CH₄脱除效率及更低的NO_x生成。电极长度过长降低了折合场强以及电子平均能量,不利于氧化性活性粒子生成,导致CH₄脱除效率和CO₂选择性降低,同时增加了N₂(X,v) ,也使得NO_x增加。本研究可为提高低温等离子体协同催化剂促进甲烷还原NO_x系统的脱除效率,降低DBD反应器能耗提高能源利用率提供参考。     

Mn-Ce复合金属氧化物催化氧化甲苯性能

通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mn-Ce/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并考察不同CeO₂负载量对MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化氧化甲苯性能的影响。利用XRD、N₂吸脱附曲线、TEM、H₂-TPR、XPS和O₂-TPD等方法表征催化剂比表面积、表面形貌及氧化还原性能。结果表明,CeO₂的负载一定程度上降低了MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的比表面积, 且催化剂仍保持介孔结构。CeO₂的存在增加了催化剂表面的化学吸附氧含量,其良好的储放氧能力促进了Mn³⁺向Mn⁴⁺的转化;Mn和Ce之间存在较强的协同作用, 与MnO_x相邻的CeO₂更容易打开Ce—O键释放活性氧, 加速氧化还原进程,Mn_0.6Ce_0.4/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂T₁₀和T₉₀与MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂相比分别降低20和40 ℃。本研究可为VOCs催化氧化技术中低成本金属催化剂的开发提供参考。