The hormetic effect of cadmium on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

The hormetic dose–response relationships induced by environmental toxic agents are often characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Confirmation of the general phenomenon of hormesis may have significant implications for ecological risk assessment, although the mechanisms that underlie hormesis remain an enigma. In this study, a model-based approach for describing a dose–response relationship incorporating the hormetic effect was applied to the detection and estimation of the hormetic effect of cadmium (Cd) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The results showed that Cd at low concentrations induced an increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but high concentrations inhibited the enzymes, and this was reflected in an inverted U-shaped curve. The maximum hormetic magnitude of SOD activity was higher than that of catalase. The presence of hormesis induced by cadmium in the earthworm may be related to activation of adaptive pathways.     

菜对镉污水的净化作用及其机制探讨

将水生植物菜在含不同浓度 Cd Cl2 的培养液中培养不同的时间 ,分别测定菜的茎叶、根系、培养液中的含镉量 ,植株细胞中超氧阴离子 (O-·2 )、丙二醛 (MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性及细胞外渗的量。实验结果表明 ,菜对镉有较强的耐受性 ,5mg/ L镉为其最小致死浓度 ,菜通过根系的吸收和分泌物的吸附作用固定溶液中的镉 ,对含镉污水有较高的净化能力 ,最高可清除污水中 99.5%的镉。在可耐受的范围内 ,菜植株中 SOD活性应激性升高 ,使镉毒害造成的 O-·2 大量生成与清除达到新的平衡 ,有效抑制膜脂过氧化物 MDA的形成 ,认为这是菜在镉胁迫下的防护机制之一。     

Oxidative stress related enzymes in response to chromium (Ⅵ) toxicity in Oxya chinensis ( Orthoptera : Acridoidae)

The toxic effects of Cr（Vl） on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis（Orthoptera： Acridoidae） were determined. Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, and guaiacol peroxidase（GPx） were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cr（VI）. Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cr（VI） with different concentrations （0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450 mg/kg of body weight）. The results showed that Cr（VI） led to the change of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities at different concentrations, which revealed that： （1） The oxidative stress of SOD increased with the increase of Cr （VI） concentration. （2） With the increase of Cr （VI） concentrations, CAT activities for females increased at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher concentration range, which indicated that antioxidant system of O. chinensis was not influenced by the presence of Cr （VI）. A very similar response to Cr（VI） effect for males indicated that Cr（VI） concentrations were not high enough to damage O. chinensis in terms of CAT. （3） The GPx activity for females increased in all treatments, which revealed that the damage power of Cr（VI） was increased with the increase of Cr（Vi） concentrations in terms of GPx, but the effect was not so remarkable. There was not a consistent trend of GPx activities for males in all treatments of Cr（VI）. Cr（VI）-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes were different for SOD, CAT and GPx, of which the tendency was that activities generally changed with increase of concentrations of Cr（VI） suggesting SOD, CAT, and GPx could serve as indices of oxidative stress to some extent.     

氯代硝基苯胺对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)血清抗氧化酶的影响

研究了2-氯-4-硝基苯胺、4-氯-3-硝基苯胺，2-氯-5-硝基苯胺对斑马鱼的急性毒性，96hLC50分别为6.99,2.58,8.63mg/L，为阐明氯化硝基苯胺类化合物对水生生物抗氧化酶的早期影响，将鲫鱼暴露于梯度浓度的2-氯-4-硝基苯胺，4-氯-3-硝基苯胺，2-氯-5-硝基苯胺中，研究鲫鱼血清SOD和GSH-PX活性短期（48h)内的变化，研究结果表明，在实验设置浓度下，随着暴露浓度升高，与空白对照组相比，3种化合物对SOD活性表现为先轻微激活后抑制，对GSH-PX活性先激活再抑制后有所回升，表明3种化合物对鲫鱼血清SOD和GSH-PX活性有显著影响，与3种化合物96hLC50相比，引起生化效应的暴露浓度明显降低，且反应快速，可考虑SOD和GSH-PX酶活性相结合作为该类化合物对水环境污染胁迫的敏感生物指示物。     

人类转录因子样新基因TFL76的初步研究

运用基于基因组数据库特定基因同源基因的克隆策略得到人类新基因TFL76 ,它编码 12个C2 H2 型锌指基序 .其cDNA序列长 2 2 6 8bp,预测的编码蛋白含 6 77个氨基酸 ,分子量 (Mr)为 76× 10 3 .生物信息学分析表明 ,TFL76的N末端含有多种蛋白激酶的磷酸化位点和核定位信号 ,具有转录因子的特征 .染色体定位为 19q13.4 ,此位点存在很多与癌症相关的基因 .对 9.5d和 10 .5d的鼠胚进行全胚原位杂交 ,结果表明 ,此基因在前肢芽和后肢芽表达较高 .图 5表 1参 5     

低温下钙对'Page'橘柚愈伤组织抗寒相关生理指标的影响

研究了低温下外源不同Ca2 浓度对‘Page’橘柚愈伤组织一些抗寒相关的生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,以5mmolL-1的低浓度Ca2 处理比缺钙处理显著降低了低温下‘Page’橘柚愈伤组织细胞膜的伤害率和膜脂过氧化产物MDA的积累,显著提高了可溶性蛋白质的含量以及SOD和POD的活性,因而增强了‘Page’橘柚愈伤组织的抗寒性.但以15mmolL-1的高浓度Ca2 处理时,表现出一定的“毒害”作用,反而降低了抗寒性.以上结果表明,一定浓度范围内的外源Ca2 与‘Page’橘柚抗寒性的提高程度密切相关.表5参28     

Study on the response of wheat to lead, cadmium and zinc

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氟害大豆超氧化物歧化酶活性与叶绿素含量及叶片脱落的关系

采用人工HF熏气的方法研究了盆栽大豆 (Glycinemax )超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性与叶绿素含量、乙烯产生量、纤维素酶活性之间的关系。结果表明 :(1)HF通过抑制SOD活性降低了叶绿素的含量 ;(2 )HF对参与叶片脱落的纤维素酶的活性诱导是通过抑制SOD活性进而合成大量乙烯实现的。     

联苯胺对线粒体抗氧化酶活性及同工酶的影响

不同浓度联苯胺(0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0mg/mL),以体外染毒方式作用于武昌鱼-团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)肝脏线粒体,研究了武昌鱼肝脏线粒体两种主要抗氧化酶[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]活性的变化,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了其同工酶谱.结果显示0.5,1.0mg/mL联苯胺激活GSH-Px, 0.5mg/mL联苯胺激活SOD,而1.5, 2.0mg/mL联苯胺抑制这两种酶的活性;另外,在GSH-Px同工酶谱中呈现出特异性标志酶gsh4.     

氯苯甲酸植物毒性实验中抗氧化酶变化的量化研究

为研究氯苯甲酸(CBA)的植物毒性,评估生物化学参数能否作为CBA植物毒性的指示因子,采用对CBA敏感的小白菜种子和大白菜种子进行暴露实验,在根伸长抑制率为10%～50%的质量浓度范围内,研究了CBA剂量-抗氧化酶活性的关系.结果表明:随着CBA质量浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上呈逐渐上升至峰值然后下降趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性逐渐降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与SOD活性近似,呈先升后降趋势,但幅度大于SOD活性.对CBA剂量-酶活性抑制率进行了回归分析,对拟合效果进行了显著性检验(P<0.05),并求出相应的半效应浓度(EC50),实验材料的SOD和CAT活性的EC50均在实验区间之外,POD活性的EC50则在实验区间之内,表明在实验区间内,SOD和CAT活性不敏感,POD活性为有效指标