Coliforms removal in full-scale activated sludge plants in India

This paper investigates the removal of coliforms in full-scale activated sludge plants (ASP) operating in northern regions of India. Log2.2 and log2.4 removal were observed for total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), respectively. However, the effluent still contained a significant number of TC and FC which was greater than the permissible limit for unrestricted irrigation as prescribed by WHO. The observations also suggest that extended aeration (EA) process operating under high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge retention time (SRT) is more efficient in the removal of coliforms. Further attempts have been made to establish the relationship between two key wastewater parameters, i.e. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) with respect to fecal and TC. The relationships were observed to be linear with a good coefficient of correlation. The interrelationship of BOD and SS with coliforms manifest that improvement of the microbiological quality of wastewater could be linked with the removal of SS. Therefore, SS can serve as a regulatory tool in lieu of an explicit coliforms standard.     

道路径流SS和COD污染特征及出流规律

选择芜湖市火车站点进行长期监测,采集降雨7次;同时选择5个不同功能区,采集典型降雨1次。探讨了道路径流中总固体悬浮物(SS)和化学需氧量(COD)的污染特征、影响因素及出流规律,结果表明,7次降雨事件SS和COD平均值范围分别为198～1 529 mg/L和66～367 mg/L。SS和COD污染较为严重。SS在不同功能区中大小顺序为:工业区>居民区>商业区>交通区>文教区,总COD大小顺序为:工业区>交通区>居民区>商业区>文教区,溶解态COD大小顺序为:工业区>交通区>商业区>文教区>居民区,颗粒态COD大小顺序为:工业区>居民区>交通区>文教区>商业区。工业活动对地表径流SS和COD含量影响最大。SS受降雨历时影响较大,溶解态COD受平均雨强影响较大,颗粒态COD受最大雨强影响较大。不同降雨强度下,SS、溶解态COD及颗粒态COD的出流规律不同,降雨强度对径流初期效应的影响显著。     

取样量与烘干时间对总悬浮物测定结果的影响

就取样量和烘干时间两个因素的变化对总悬浮物测定结果的影响程度进行了探讨。结果表明 ,取样量是造成悬浮物测定结果准确与否的主要因素 ,而不同的烘干时间对测定结果的精密度不会造成明显的影响。随着取样量的逐步减少 (从 2 0 0 0 ml减至 50 ml) ,平行样的相对偏差则从 2 7%上升到 4 5 5%。为了使相对偏差≤ 1 5% ,取水量必须满足其中的总不可滤残渣达到 6 2 mg以上。     

表层附着累枝虫的好氧颗粒污泥特性

在序批式反应器(SBR)中处理实际生活污水,并接种城市污水处理厂活性污泥,培养出表层附着大量累枝虫的好氧颗粒污泥.运行120 d时,颗粒污泥浓度可达4482 mg·L-1,污泥容积指数(SVI)为55 m L·g-1左右,颗粒的粒径主要在1.6~2.5 mm之间,平均沉速为55.4 m·h-1,累枝虫密度可达30450 ind·m L-1.CODCr和NH+4-N的平均去除率分别为87.9%和91.8%.采用直接免疫荧光法证实累枝虫可吞食游离细菌,能有效减少出水SS,且出水SS与累枝虫的密度变化整体呈相反趋势.表层附着生长的累枝虫略微降低了颗粒污泥的沉速.结构分析可看出累枝虫根植于颗粒表层,柄的部分成为颗粒污泥的"骨架",有利于颗粒污泥结构强度和稳定性.     

Phytoavaelability and extractability of copper and zinc in calcareous soil amended with composted Urban wastes

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted under simulated field conditions using large‐capacity plastic pots, filled each one with 25 kg of air‐dried calcareous soil. Besides the control, four treatments were prepared by applying separately two rates (20 and 80 Mg ha^‐1) of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost, and co‐composted municipal solid waste and sewage sludge (MSW‐SS). Lettuce was planted and harvested 2.5 months later. The application of composted urban wastes tended to increase Cu concentration in lettuce with respect to the control, but it was only significant when the higher rate of MSW compost was applied. The control showed values of Zn concentration in plant within a deficient range. In general, composted urban wastes treatments had increased Zn concentration values, which were within the sufficiency range. Both treatments with MSW compost increased Cu and Zn uptake in comparison with MSW‐SS co‐compost treatments. At the postharvest, all composted urban wastes treatments increased significantly DTPA‐extractable Cu content in soil with respect to the control; it was also significant the increase in AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable Cu in soil produced by the addition of the higher rate of MSW compost. The application of composted urban wastes increased significantly DTPA‐extractable and AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable Zn contents in soil versus the control, except for the lower rate of MSW‐SS co‐compost. The values of DTPA‐extractable/total ratio for Cu and Zn were under 10%, except for the treatment applying the higher rate of MSW compost which promoted higher values. The values of AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable/total ratio for Cu were above 10% in all treatments including the control. This tendency was also observed in AAAc‐EDTA‐extractable/total ratio for Zn when applying both rates of MSW compost or the higher rate of MSW‐SS co‐compost.     

某卡鲁塞尔氧化沟运行状况分析与节能工程改造

对一采用Carrousel工艺的污水处理厂存在的问题进行了分析,针对运行中存在的不足进行了工艺改造和节能工程改造。考察了改造前后的不同季节对系统进水和出水中化学需氧量(CODCr)、氨氮(NH3-N)总磷(TP)和悬浮物(SS)的去除率的影响。浓度进行了监测,监测结果表明:改造后的出水水质明显优于改造前的出水水质,抗负荷冲击能力增强,工程运行更加稳定可靠,设备稳定性显著提高,系统在不同季节受环境变化影响较小,当进水中污染物浓度在一定范围时,出水水质达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级(B)标准。此次改造为类似工程问题解决提供了有效途径。     

钢铁企业含油废水过滤处理试验研究

针对钢铁企业含油废水处理这一难题,提出了采用过滤处理轧钢废水的方案,并使用自清洗动态膜除浊除油器对轧钢废水进行深度处理试验,结果表明:该方法对轧钢含油废水有很好的处理效果,在进水含油量为20~200 mg/L时,出水含油量都低于5 mg/L,去除率在90%以上.     

改进的混凝气浮装置处理ABS凝聚干燥废水研究

为了有效去除ABS凝聚干燥工段(E区)废水中的悬浮颗粒物,解决传统装置SS去除率低、管道易堵塞和运行不稳定的问题,采用一种改进的混凝气浮装置进行处理,研究了药剂种类、药剂投加量、p H值、水力停留时间、溶气水回流比等工艺参数对ABS凝聚干燥废水中悬浮物去除效果的影响,得出新型混凝气浮装置的最佳工艺运行参数。试验结果表明:在PAC投加量为75 mg/L、阳离子絮凝剂(FO4440SSH)投加量为10 mg/L、水力停留时间12.5 min、回流比为60%的最佳工艺条件下,SS去除率可达96.6%,出水ρ(SS)为29 mg/L。该装置对SS去除效果好,运行稳定,具有广阔的应用前景。