西台盐湖水文地质参数动态变化研究

为了建立卤水水位和水化学动态数学模型，这就需要掌握盐湖的水文地质参数的动态变化。分别选取西台吉乃尔盐湖（简称西台盐湖，下同）枯水期（4～5月）和丰水期（8～9月）两个时段开展野外流速流向测试工作，对测试的实验数据进行分析，归纳出西台盐湖水文地质参数动态变化的规律：枯水期流速相对丰水期小，但是随着卤水的开采规模和开采条件不同以及自然气候、水文条件的改变，卤水的渗流场也随之改变，卤水的渗透流速呈现多变性。两次测试的流向结果与测试期间同期的卤水等水位线显示的流向基本一致，由于持续抽卤的影响，9月的流向与5月的流向有很大的差异，流向方向大致相反。     

Protective effect of exogenous nitric oxide and salicylic acid on the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress北大核心CSCD

Using the tomato variety 'Qin Feng Bao Guan' as experimental material, and by the hydroponics nutrient solution method, we investigated the effects of single and compound applications of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and salicylic acid (SA) on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, RuBisCO activation, CO2 response curve, photosynthetic pigment content, and xanthophyll cycle in seedling leaves under an NaCl stress of 100 mmol/L. The main findings were as follows: (1) Single or combined applications of SNP and SA could increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), PS II maximal photochemistry efficiency (Fv/Fm), antenna conversion efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), practical photochemical efficiency (φPS?), photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (qP), and chlorophyll fluorescence decay rate (Rfd) of tomato seedling leaves at different rates, and significantly reduce the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), original fluorescence (Fo), and PS II non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient (NPQ), after NaCl stress treatment. The strongest effect was observed after applying a combination of SNP and SA. (2) Under NaCl stress, the decrease of CO2 carboxylation efficiency (CE), RuBP maximum regeneration rate (Jmax), RuBisCO and its activation enzyme activity, and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc max) in tomato seedling leaves could be effectively relieved by SNP, SA, or SNP + SA applications; however, SNP + SA treatment had the strongest effect. (3) Single or combined applications of SNP and SA could effectively inhibit the decrease of the contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids), the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, xanthophyll cycle pool size (V + A + Z), and the increase of the de-epoxidation extent of the xanthophyll cycle (A + Z)/(V + A + Z). The combined application of SNP and SA had the most prominent effect. In conclusion, the heat dissipation of the antenna, which is dependent on the xanthophyll cycle, is not the physiological mechanism for the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus by exogenous NO, SA alone, or compound treatment in tomato seedling leaves under NaCl stress. It is the main reason for the increase of photosynthetic function and enhanced salt tolerance of leaves tomato seedlings that the protection of PS II and its primary electron acceptor quinone (QA) downstream electron transfer patency, and the improvement of CO2 assimilation activity by application of exogenous NO, SA alone, or a combination of the two; synergistic effects were observed after using a combination of SNP and SA. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

微生物降解高盐苯胺废水的研究进展

相对于物理、化学等传统方法,微生物降解技术有着不可比拟的优越性,因此受到国内外学者的青睐。对高盐苯胺废水的微生物降解研究现状进行系统的综述,从降解菌的种类、降解机理和途径、耐盐机理以及生物强化技术等方面阐述了微生物降解高盐苯胺废水的最新研究进展。提出了高盐苯胺废水微生物降解研究中存在的问题以及仍需进一步研究。     

浅析融雪剂对城市环境的影响

融雪剂是一把双刃剑,在快速除雪保障交通畅通的同时,也给城市带来了一系列的环境问题。对融雪剂对城市环境的影响进行了探讨分析,并提出了今后使用融雪剂的建议和策略。     

某核废液处理厂的火灾爆炸事故解析(Ⅱ) 氧化剂盐粒子的大小及微观结构对沥青固化物的固—液表面氧化还原反应特性的影响

就不同粒径及微观构造的氧化剂盐粒子制备的沥青固化物的氧化还原反应特性用高感度量热仪(C80微量量热仅)进行了测定.结果表明,当氧化剂盐粒子的微观构造基本相同时,随粒径的减小,制作的沥青固化物的反应开始温度向低温方向偏移,低温领域的发热量增大.当粒径的大小及其分布基本相同时,沥青固化物的氧化还原反应特性随粒子的微观构造的不同表现出较大的差异,由针状结晶构成的多孔状粒子制成的沥青固化物的反应开始温度低、低温领域的发热量较大.     

Use of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) for pretreatment of high-salinity high-organic wastewater

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) coupled desalination technology provides a possibility for the effective and economic degradation of high salinity and high organic wastewater. Chloride widely occurs in natural and wastewaters, and its high content jeopardizes the efficacy of Advanced oxidation process (AOPs). Thus, a novel chlorine ion resistant catalyst B-site Ru doped LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ in CWAO treatment of chlorine ion wastewater was examined. Especially, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ was 45.5% better than that of the 6%RuO₂@TiO₂ (commercial carrier) on total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Also, doped catalysts LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ showed better activity than supported catalysts RuO₂@LaFeO₃ and RuO₂@TiO₂ with the same Ru content. Moreover, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ has novel chlorine ion resistance no matter the concentration of Cl⁻ and no Ru dissolves after the reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements verified the structure of LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ. Kinetic data and density functional theory (DFT) proved that Fe is the site of acetic acid oxidation and adsorption of chloride ions. The existence of Fe in LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ could adsorb chlorine ion (catalytic activity inhibitor), which can protect the Ru site and other active oxygen species to exert catalytic activity. This work is essential for the development of chloride-resistant catalyst in CWAO.

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