Web-based surveys as an alternative to traditional mail methods

Environmental economists have long used surveys to gather information about people's preferences. A recent innovation in survey methodology has been the advent of web-based surveys. While the Internet appears to offer a promising alternative to conventional survey administration modes, concerns exist over potential sampling biases associated with web-based surveys and the effect these may have on valuation estimates. This paper compares results obtained from a travel cost questionnaire of visitors to Fraser Island, Australia, that was conducted using two alternate survey administration modes; conventional mail and web-based. It is found that response rates and the socio-demographic make-up of respondents to the two survey modes are not statistically different. Moreover, both modes yield similar consumer surplus estimates.     

公众应急准备素质与能力教育体系研究

公众应急准备素质与能力是有效应对各种突发事件的一个重要因素,关系到国家、社会、公众等多方面的安全与发展.应急教育是培养和提高公众应急准备素质与能力的基本手段.为了提高公众的应急准备素质与能力,该文从应急准备素质与能力的基本含义入手,提出了应急准备素质与能力教育的基本内容、教育重点,分析了我国当前应急准备素质与能力教育中存在的应急教育理念需要更新、应急知识与技能教育欠缺等方面的问题.针对存在的问题,提出公众应急准备素质与能力教育现状和基本途径.即围绕学校、政府、公众三个主体,以学校应急教育为核心,以政府危机管理为关键,以家庭教育、社会教育为支撑,以社区教育、媒体教育为辅助,形成一套完善的应急教育体系.     

镁盐改性石英砂的制备及其吸附Zn^2＋影响因素

通过改变石英砂表面的物理化学性质,提高滤料的吸附效率,并考察其对废水中Zn2＋的去除效果。以石英砂为载体,用碱性沉积法制备了镁盐改性砂,测定了镁盐改性砂的比表面积,考察了镁盐改性砂对锌的吸附性能及其影响因素。结果表明,镁盐改性砂的比表面积为1.475 m2/g,比石英原砂比表面积提高了6.12倍;在pH值为中性的条件下...     

Rapid liquid chromatographic analysis of flurazepam in pharmaceutical preparation

An accurate and reproducible method for the analysis of flurazepam hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations has been described. A simple and rapid isocratic HPLC elution method was employed which requires about 15 minutes to be performed. The percentage mean recovery of flurazepam hydrochloride in Dalmane capsules was found to be 100.67% + 1.23% of the declared amount     

Bayesian sample size determination for inspection of general corrosion of process components

A Bayesian approach-based method is proposed for calculating the minimum size of a sample to assess, with a specified precision, the integrity of process components suffering from general corrosion. The proposed method ensures that the error in the posterior estimate of the mean does not exceed a pre-defined acceptable margin of error at a specified confidence level. An analytical formula to estimate the sample size is introduced. The sample size obtained using the proposed method is smaller than a sample size obtained using the classical method with same confidence level. This reduces sampling inspection cost without affecting the precision of the estimate.     

有机物多相光催化降解反应中催化剂固定化技术研究

以ＴｉＣｌ４和异丙醇为原料,通过化学反应将钛组分以键合方式引入载体多孔硅胶颗粒的表面,经高温处理提高活性,制备出的催化剂以甲基检溶液的脱色反应有很好的光催化活性,与相同量的粉末ＴｉＯ２作用相比,活性升高,经分析测定催化剂颗粒上有３１．０５％的钛成分且表面仍保持硅胶颗粒的骨架结构,具有大比表面和高分散性的优点,利用该方法即可以制备大颗粒载体型ＴｉＯ２催化剂,也可能进一步解决用于实际太阳光废水处理装置     

磁性壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺去除水体中腐殖酸

针对水源水中天然有机物腐殖酸的高效去除,采用原位共沉淀法研发出一种磁改性壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酰胺(MC-gPAM)的吸附剂,运用傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、比表面积测试仪(BET)等对其进行表征分析,并借助批处理试验,探讨了MC-g-PAM对水样中腐殖酸的去除效能及机制.结果表明,所制备的MC-g-PAM比表面积和比饱和磁化强度值分别为27. 065 m~2·g~(-1)和9. 63 emu·g~(-1). MC-g-PAM对腐殖酸的吸附过程是吸热过程,Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学方程对吸附过程的拟合度较高. 25℃时,MC-g-PAM对腐殖酸的理论饱和吸附量达到120. 77 mg·g~(-1).     

用低品位磷矿制备生态型磷肥

以低品位磷矿、腐植酸（风化煤）和硫酸为原料,研究了制备有效P2O5转化率高、表观物性好的生态型磷肥生产工艺。研究结果表明：在采用传统方法生产过磷酸钙的过程中加入风化煤可明显改善磷肥的表观物性,提高有效P2O5的转化率。制备生态型磷肥的最佳工艺条件：硫酸质量分数60％、硫酸加入量105％、搅拌转速500r／min、反应时间15min、100g磷矿粉中风化煤加入量为8～12g。     

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Matter

An overview of the methods used for the isolation and characterization of organic matter in natural waters is presented. Commonly used techniques for the concentration and isolation of organic matter from water, such as preparative chromatography, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, and the methods used to analyze the organic matter obtained by these methods are reviewed. the development of methods to obtain organic matter that is associated with fractions of the dissolved organic carbon other than humic substances, such as organic bases, hydrophilic organic acids and colloidal organic matter are discussed. Methods specifically used to study dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved organic phosphorous are also discussed.