Evaluation of Land Condition Trend Analysis for Birds on a Kansas Military Training Site

/ Land condition trend analysis (LCTA) is a long-term monitoring program used on military training lands to identify ecological changes that result from training and management activities. We initiated LCTA at the Kansas Army National Guard Training Facility (KANGTF) in Saline County, Kansas, in March 1998. This paper evaluates the LCTA methodology for birds by comparing LCTA results with a modified methodology designed to place sampling transects in field-identified rather than satellite-identified land-cover types. In the satellite-identified land-cover types developed at the site, grassland habitats included a large component of woody vegetation, which resulted in poor resolution of bird assemblages associated with the different land-cover types. Using these cover classes, mixed grass prairie included five grass/forb (g/f) and 10 woody-dependent species; old-field included four g/f and four woody-dependent species; and riparian included one g/f and six woody-dependent species. LCTA sampling was too limited in the ecologically important riparian woodland habitat with the result that bird species were not adequately sampled there. In the alternate sampling strategy, we identified three land-cover classes (grassland, hedgerow, and riparian woodland) by field reconnaissance and increased sampling in the riparian woodland. Grassland included six g/f and three woody-dependent species; hedgerow included six g/f and 20 woody-dependent species, and riparian included two g/f and 19 woody-dependent species. The modifications greatly improved the resolution of bird assemblages associated with land-cover classes at the KANGTF. Use of the alternative sampling method should improve the ability to detect long-term trends in the bird communities.     

新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞崩塌灾害特征及防治对策探讨

为了查清新疆鄯善县吐峪沟千佛洞旅游区崩塌灾害的危害,对区内崩塌灾害的分布、发育特征、形成影响因素及破坏模式等进行了详细勘查,结果表明崩塌灾害主要受地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、风化、降水、地震、人类工程活动等多种内外因素的影响,崩塌危岩体直接威胁旅游区内人行栈道和部分佛窟;同时针对勘查结果,提出了避让与治理相结合的防治...     

Strategic environmental disclosure: Evidence from the DOE's voluntary greenhouse gas registry

Although mandatory disclosure programs have been studied extensively, strategic voluntary environmental disclosures by firms are not well understood. We study the motivations for and impacts of firms' strategic disclosure of greenhouse gas reductions to the US government. We first model firms' joint abatement and disclosure decisions, incorporating both economic and political incentives. We then use data from the Department of Energy's Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registry to compare reported reductions to actual emissions. We find that participants in the program engage in highly selective reporting: in the aggregate, they increase emissions over time but report reductions. In contrast, non-participants decrease emissions over time. Participants tend to be large firms facing strong regulatory pressure; pressure from environmental groups reduces the likelihood of participation, suggesting such groups viewed the program as a form of greenwash. Participating in the 1605(b) program had no significant effect on a firm's changes in carbon intensity over time.     

Age and gender differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to Iowa's driver improvement program

Introduction

This paper investigates potential gender and age differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to being directed to attend Iowa's Driver Improvement Program (DIP).

Methods

Binary logit models were developed to investigate the factors that influence conviction occurrence after DIP by gender and age. Because of the low crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, association rules were applied to investigate the factors that influence crash occurrence subsequent to DIP, in lieu of econometric models.

Results

There were statistical significant differences by driver gender, age, and conviction history in the likelihood of subsequent convictions. However, this paper found no association between DIP outcome, crash history, and crash occurrence.

Impact on industry

Evaluating the differences in conviction and crash occurrence subsequent to DIP between female and male drivers, and among different age groups can lead to improvements of the effectiveness of DIPs and help to identify low-cost intervention measures, customized based on drivers’ gender and age, for improving driving behaviors.     

一种改进的斜支撑体系支护某超大深基坑的变形分析

济南某商业广场超过50000 m2的基坑采用一种改进的斜支撑支护体系进行支护,与普通斜支撑支护型式不同,该支护体系包括支护桩、斜撑、立柱与支撑桩.本文采用FLAC3D显式有限差分数值计算分析方法,并结合支护桩水平位移测斜数据,对该支护体系的变形特性进行分析研究,从中论证各支护单元在3个开挖阶段的运动学效应.研究结果表明...     

Direct evidence of microbiological water quality changes on bacterial quantity and community caused by plumbing system

Drinking water quality deteriorates from treatment plant to customer taps, especially in the plumbing system. There is no direct evidence about what the differences are contributed by plumbing system. This study compared the water quality in the water main and at customer tap by preparing a sampling tap on the water main. The biomass was quantified by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the microbial community was profiled by 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that in distribution pipes, biofilm contributed >94% of the total biomass, while loose deposits showed little contribution (< 2%) because of the low amount of loose deposits. The distribution of biological stable water had minor effects on the microbiocidal water quality regarding both quantity (ATP 1 ng/L vs. 1.7 ng/L) and community of the bacteria. Whereas the plumbing system has significant contribution to the increase of active biomass (1.7 ng/L vs. 2.9 ng/L) and the changes of bacterial community. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas spp. at tap (22%) was higher than that at water main (2%), while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. in tap water (15%) was lower than that in the water from street water main (29%). Though only one location was prepared and studied, the present study showed that the protocol of making sampling tap on water main offered directly evidences about the impacts of plumbing system on tap water quality, which makes it possible to distinguish and study the processes in distribution system and plumbing system separately.     

扩展性案例在《Web应用开发技术》课程教学中的应用

《Web应用开发技术》是一门实践性和综合性较强的课程,扩展性案例的选取对课程教学具有重要作用。以＂登录注册系统＂为例,通过不断扩展该案例的功能,把各章知识点逐步融入到扩展性案例当中,使学生对各章主要知识点的应用有一个清晰的整体认识,激发学生求知、求技、求异、求新的兴趣,实现理论与实践的统一。     

跨界流域监测方案的确定

阐述了跨界流域监测方案对于科学指导实践的重要性,提出方案具有针对性、完整性、规范性和可行性等基本特征。结合总体设计思路和要点,从组织机构、技术要求、质量控制等3个方面论证了方案的构成,针对当前编制并实施跨界流域监测方案中存在的针对性不强、缺项和漏项多、前期工作不到位、认识不统一等问题,提出了加强前期调研、技术培训和全程监督等应对措施,要建设先进环境监测预警体系新要求,通过加快技术创新,建立新型环境监测技术路线。     

Determination of the dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid

The dissociation constants of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) were investigated in this study. Based on the potentiometric titration and the BEST program, the dissociation constants of PESA were determined. Considering the complexity of the dissociation of PESA in aqueous solution, several models were constructed to simulate the dissociation process of PESA. By comparison, the dissociation constants of PESA were obtained with model 4. The species distribution of PESA in aqueous solution as a function of pH was also presented according to the experimental and calculation results. It showed that the H₂L model with five basic structure units to describe the dissociation of PESA was reasonable, and the relevant constants had less error and better matching between the experimental and calculation data. The corresponding values of pK _ai were 4.68 and 4.92, respectively, for H₂L at 35°C with ionic strength of 0.1 mol/L.     

环境规划与城市总体规划比较分析

环境规划与城市总体规划是相互联系和渗透,同时又各有侧重,具有相对独立性的两种规划.城市总体规划的研究对象是一定时期的某城市,而环境规划则是针对“社会-经济-环境“这一大的复合生态系统;城市总体规划具有城市建设发展纲领的性质,而环境规划则更侧重于污染防治和生态保护与建设;从与可持续发展的关系来说,环境规划更侧重环境保护的重要意义,而城市总体规划则是城市建设发展的蓝图,对城市经济、社会和人口、资源、环境等都具有指导和控制作用,涉及面更广.另外,两种规划的编制、审批和管理单位也不同.