Improvement of the antifouling characteristics in a bioreactor of polypropylene microporous membrane by the adsorption of Tween 20

Surface modification by physical adsorption of Tween 20 was accomplished on polypropylene microporous membranes (PPMMs). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and morphological changes on the membrane surfaces. Water contact angles and relative pure water fluxes were measured. The data showed that the hydrophilic performance for the modified membranes increased with the increase in the adsorption amount of Tween 20 onto the surface or into the pores of polypropylene microporous membranes. To test the antifouling property of the membranes by the adsorption of Tween 20 in a membrane bioreactor (MBR), filtration for active sludge was performed using synthetic wastewater. With the help of the data of water fluxes and the FE-SEM photos of the modified PPMMs before or after operating in a MBR for about 12 d, the PPMMs with monolayer adsorption of Tween 20 showed higher remained flux and stronger antifouling ability than unmodified membrane and other modification membranes studied.     

Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes

Characterizing natural organic matter （NOM）, particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon （GAC） filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant （HPAC） was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system.     

生物过滤系统处理恶臭技术

介绍了可生物降解的恶臭气体种类、来源，生物过滤系统的历史与研究现状，生物过滤系统的设计与运行操作，填料的开发与选择。生物过滤系统是处理恶息的有效工艺，在我国有广泛的应用前景。     

物化法处理制罐生产废水

根据调查研究制罐（铝质易拉罐）生产废水的来源、水质及水量，提出了“酸化破乳、中和、混凝沉淀、过滤、活性炭吸附”的处理工艺。利用实验室试验结果，在某制罐厂建成一座处理规模为４００ｍ３／ｄ的废水处理站。废水经处理后，各项指标均符合排放标准。     

用二氧化氯直接处理印染废水的试验

用二氧化氯直接氧化处理含疏水性染料的印染废水（ＣＯＤ３６０ｍｇ／ｌ，色度２５６倍），经ＰＥ精密过滤器过滤，出水水质为ＣＯＤ６４ｍｇ／ｌ，色度４倍。     

适度处理污水回用于循环水系统的工业化应用

通过对镇海炼化适度处理污水回用于循环水系统工艺的介绍，提出运行中存在的问题及建议，为目前国内各炼油厂炼油污水回用提供参考和借鉴。     

Filtration improvement of zinc sludge by using unconventional alkalization sequence

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＺｉｎｃｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄｌｙ.Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｚｉｎｃｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃ?..     

水厂快滤过程动态模型的建立与识别

作为构建国家饮用水安全风险评估框架的一部分 ,开发了一种用于风险评估的水厂快滤过程动态模型。该模型通过对扩散、生物降解、吸附、脱附和反冲洗等过程的概化 ,建立了可模拟不同污染物的普适性水厂快滤动态模型。本模型以实际水厂的现场监测数据为依托 ,以CODMn、氨氮、浊度和微生物为例对模型进行了率定。结果表明模型较好地吻合了实际快滤过程。该模型将可有效地应用于评估不同过滤过程去除各种污染物的风险 ,以及识别饮用水安全风险关键控制点的工作。     

过滤-混凝气浮工艺在特种有色纸废水治理中的应用

介绍了应用过滤 混凝气浮工艺治理特种有色纸废水的工程实例。主要污染物SS去除率达 84%～ 93 5% ;CODCr、BOD5 去除率均大于 88% ;色度得到相应削减 ,废水回用率达到 80 %。     

慢滤水处理工艺

本文对慢滤水处理工艺的技术特点进行了介绍．指出漫滤是一种不用投加任何化学药剂的水处理方法，出水水质好，几乎可完全去除水中的浊度、色度、有机物、细菌和病毒等污染物质，是一种处理低浊度地表水的有效方法．在我国乡镇供水工程中有广泛的应用前景．