纳滤膜在工业废水和液体物料处理中的应用

纳滤膜能截留低分子量有机溶质而让盐类组分部分或全部透过，能在较宽的ｐＨ范围内及高温下保持稳定，并能耐多种有机溶剂，可用于液体物料中有效成分的浓缩、工业废水的处理及循环利用，减少对环境的污染。     

一种曝气过滤元件的特性研究

针对膜生物反应器面临的膜污染问题,开发一种新型的曝气过滤元件,该元件一方面可恢复元件污染造成的通量的下降,另一方面可有效补偿微生物反应过程中对氧的需求.在清水、高岭土配水、活性污泥3种条件下研究了该元件的过滤通量的特性,得出该元件在清水和高岭土配水条件下具有大通量特性,并分析了在活性污泥条件下失去大通量的原因.确定了元件2的优化实验条件:压力0.15 MPa,元件过滤表面冲刷速率9.26 m/s,曝气强度18 m3/(h*m2),运行时间70 min,曝气时间5 min.曝气反冲前后过滤通量的变化情况初步表明了气体反冲对过滤通量的恢复效果显著.      

酒店废水混凝过滤处理工艺

在实验的基础上 ,提出了酒店废水的物理化学治理工艺。某酒店废水经破乳、混凝和过滤处理后 ,完全达到了广州市规定的排放标准。本工艺与生化法相比的最大特点是 :占地面积小 ,耗电量小 ,减少了噪音污染 ,尤其适合市区内采用。     

Occurrence of bisphenol A in surface and drinking waters and its physicochemical removal technologies

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting compound, has caused wide public concerns due to its wide occurrence in environment and harmful effects. BPA has been detected in many surface waters and drinking water with the maximum concentrations up to tens of μg·L^-1. The physicochemical technology options in eliminating BPA can be divided into four categories: oxidation, advanced oxidation, adsorption and membrane filtration. Each removal option has its own limitation and merits in removing BPA. Oxidation and advanced oxidation generally can remove BPA efficiently while they also have some drawbacks, such as high cost, the generation of a variety of transformation products that are even more toxic than the parent compound and difficult to be mineralized. Only few advanced oxidation methods have been reported to be able to mineralize BPA completely. Therefore, it is important not only to identify the major initial transformation products but also to assess their estrogenic activity relative to the parent compounds when oxidation methods are employed to remove BPA. Without formation of harmful by-products, physical separation methods such as activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes are able to remove BPA in water effluents and thus have potential as BPA removal technologies. However, the necessary regeneration of activated carbon and the low BPA removal efficiency when the membrane became saturated may limit the application of activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes for BPA removal. Hybrid processes, e.g. combining adsorption and biologic process or combining membrane and oxidation process, which can achieve simultaneous physical separation and degradation of BPA, will be highly preferred in future.     

石油焦超细粉碎工艺中的脉冲袋式除尘器试验

利用超细粉碎分级设备,分别测试粉碎工艺中除尘器在不同过滤面积、过滤风速、入口粉尘浓度时,喷吹后的除尘器阻力、过滤风速、喷吹时的除尘器阻力波动情况;测试脉冲宽度对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动的影响。结果表明:由于石油焦的轻质和黏附性特性,过滤风速不应超过2.17 m/min,考虑到除尘效率和经济效益,最好控制在1.3 m/min以内;除尘器入口粉尘浓度的高低对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动均存在较大影响,入口粉尘浓度低时,阻力和阻力波动都较小;脉冲宽度对喷吹后除尘器阻力和喷吹时除尘器阻力波动有一定影响,该实验系统最佳脉冲宽度为0.08 s。     

污水深度处理微絮凝-砂滤工程实例

针对苏州某污水处理厂二级出水TP和SS不能达到一级A标准的情况,采用微絮凝-砂滤深度处理工艺,经过一年多的运行分析,出水稳定达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中一级A标准,TP、SS和COD去除率分别为53%、59%和31%,每吨水实际运行费用约0.15元。     

Migration of manganese and iron during the adsorption-regeneration cycles for arsenic removal

Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into porous diatomite (FMBO-diatomite) was prepared in situ and regenerated in a fixed-bed column for arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal. Four consecutive adsorption cycles were operated under the following conditions: Initial arsenic concentration of 0.1 mg·L^-1, empty bed contact time of 5 min, and pH 7.0. About 3000, 3300, 3800, and 4500 bed volumes of eligible effluent (arsenic concentration≤0.01 mg·L^-1) were obtained in four As(III) adsorption cycles; while about 2000, 2300, 2500, and 3100 bed volumes of eligible effluent were obtained in four As(V) adsorption cycles. The dissection results of FMBO-diatomite fixed-bed exhibited that small amounts of manganese and iron were transferred from the top of the fixed-bed to the bottom of the fixed-bed during As(III) removal process. Compared to the extremely low concentration of iron (<0.01 mg·L^-1), the fluctuation concentration of Mn²⁺ in effluent of the As(III) removal column was in a range of 0.01–0.08 mg·L^-1. The release of manganese suggested that manganese oxides played an important role in As(III) oxidation. Determined with the US EPA toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), the leaching risk of As(III) on exhausted FMBO-diatomite was lower than that of As(V).     

传统过滤器改造连续动态过滤器的研究

结合国外先进的连续过滤技术,针对原有的传统过滤器进行设备改造,过滤过程改为"上向流过滤",滤料清洗技术采用"气提洗砂"技术.与改造前相比,该滤塔结构简单,维护和检修方便,工艺处理效率增加50%,效果稳定,运行成本降低50%.在相关的滤料过滤器系统中,连续动态过滤器改造技术符合我国水处理过滤行业现状,并充分利用原有设备和设施,通过最小投资获得新技术革新,使过滤工艺简单化,更适用于小型再生水回用系统.      

不同物理清洗方式对一体式膜生物反应器过滤特性的影响

通过考察一体式膜生物反应器运行过程中的膜污染情况和不同物理清洗方式减缓膜污染的效果,研究造成膜污染的原因和控制膜污染的方法.结果表明:膜外表面沉积污泥是造成膜污染的主要因素.空曝气减轻膜污染的作用有限,只能将归一化膜比通量从0.26提高到0.39;在活性污泥混合液中搓洗膜丝可以清除膜外表面沉积污泥层,可将归一化膜比通量从0.29提高到0.64,是一种方便而有效的清洗方式,且可在实际生产中实现.间歇式运行方式的停抽期间,最低剩余抽吸压力可以用来表征运行过程中膜过滤性能的变化.