BTMT生物膜载体对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响

采用两套厌氧氨氧化反应器R1和R2,研究了BMTM生物膜载体对厌氧氨氧化工艺启动特性的影响.结果表明,R1采用UASB反应器启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,经140d运行,对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率仅达到54.6%和58.8%,氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮去除负荷之和仅为0.09kg/(m3×d),随后,向其上部投加0.6L BMTM载体,经过26d运行,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮去除率分别迅速提升至92.5%和97.4%,R1的启动速度较之前有明显提高;R2采用BMTM载体启动上流式填料床生物膜反应器厌氧氨氧化工艺,经过83d的运行,氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮去除率分别达到83.6%和89.4%,氨氮与亚硝酸盐氮去除负荷之和达0.22kg/(m3×d),启动速度较R1大幅提高.     

生物膜填料比表面积对移动床生物膜反应器中非甾体抗炎药去除的影响

非甾体抗炎药(Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, NSAIDs)是污水中高频检出的新兴污染物.污水处理厂对其去除效果不佳,出水中的NSAIDs会对水生生态系统造成潜在不利影响.移动床生物膜反应器(Moving bed biofilm reactors, MBBRs)是一种去除污水中新兴污染物极有潜力的生物处理技术.MBBRs中填料的比表面积对NSAIDs去除影响较大.本研究选用3组不同比表面积的填料(S填料:460 m²·m^-3, M填料:800 m²·m^-3,L填料:1200 m²·m^-3),采用实验室规模的MBBRs运行150 d去除环境浓度(50μg·L^-1)的NSAIDs—双氯芬酸(Diclofenac, DCF)、萘普生(Naproxen, NPX)和布洛芬(Ibuprofen, IBP),考察了填料比表面积对MBBRs中NSAIDs去除的影响及其潜在的影响机制.结...     

葛洲坝船闸过鱼时空特性研究

于2013年4月、6月及8月，在葛洲坝一、二号船闸上下闸首断面及闸室内，利用DIDSON声纳定点探测方法，对船闸上下行鱼类数量进行探测记录，并同步进行水质水动力现场监测，研究船闸过鱼现状及规律。结果表明：船闸天然情况下存在一定过鱼能力，附加一定的改进措施，船闸可能成为通航与过鱼功能合一的新型过鱼建筑物。船闸过鱼存在一定的昼夜节律，鱼类在夜晚时段表现的更为活跃，且在不同季节有选择相对适宜温度活动的趋势，而两船闸间下闸首天然鱼类通过量无显著差异。6月由于水温条件适合，且处于禁渔期末，鱼类大量繁殖，过鱼数量最大，4月及8月过高及过低的水温均不利于家鱼繁殖，过鱼相对较少，且均值比较无显著差异，另外不同月份水位流速变动可能对过鱼量造成一定影响。一号二号船闸的鱼类上闸首通过率分别为21%及42%     

Generating better energy indicators: Addressing the existence of multiple scales and multiple dimensions

High energy prices and the growing concern for “Peak Oil” have put energy analysis, once again, on the front burner. However, before speculating about possible roadmaps regarding our energy future, it would be wise to develop better quantitative analyses. This paper flags the existence of systemic epistemological flaws in the current use of aggregate energy indicators and presents an alternative approach capable of dealing with the issue of multiple dimensions and multiple scales. Starting from a critical appraisal of the aggregate indicator “Economic Energy Intensity” it shows that economic and biophysical variables are often correlated and that their value is determined by characteristics which can only observed across different levels and scales. Complex metabolic systems (systems that use energy to maintain and reproduce themselves) are operating simultaneously at different scales. This implies that changes in the characteristics of parts, defined at the local scale, and changes in the characteristics of the whole, defined at the large scale can only be obtained after establishing a scaling mechanism in the analysis. In order to deal with the issue of scale in energy accounting, we propose to make a distinction between three different categories: (i) primary energy sources (PES) - establishing a link between energy quantities and the associated requirement of biophysical gradients, at the large scale, on the interface black-box/context; (ii) energy carriers (EC) - defining the set of energy inputs required by technical devices for expressing useful functions, at the local scale, within the parts operating inside the black-box; (iii) end uses (EU) the set of functions to be expressed by society across hierarchical levels for reproducing itself. Finally, the paper presents examples of quantitative results obtained using an innovative method of analysis - Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM). We conclude that by using this new accounting method it is possible to generate a better understanding of external and internal constraints determining the desirability and viability of the metabolic pattern of societies.     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated. During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO₃-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m²·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24 (mg/L)^1/2/min, respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845, 5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m² at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm³ at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

塑料-活性炭载体浮动床处理炼油废水

采用粘有活性炭粉末的聚丙烯填料为浮动床载体 ,进行了挂膜、载体投加率选择及处理炼油废水的试验研究。结果表明 ,这种混合载体挂膜期短且效果好 ,在载体投加率为 40 % ,HRT为 2h时就可取得很好的去除效果 ,CODcr去除率 >86% ,NH3-N去除率 >68%。     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水.本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量.     

温度对悬浮载体流化床处理效能的影响

悬浮载体流化床是一种新型反应器。介绍了该反应器的特点及试验方法,并通过试验考察温度对悬浮载体流化床处理效能的影响,结果表明:温度对反应器去除COD效果影响不明显,对氨氮和总氮的去除效果则有一定影响。     

石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体的研究进展及其潜在风险

石墨烯作为一种新兴的二维碳纳米材料,近年来受到了医学领域科学家的高度关注。由于石墨烯类纳米材料具有较大的比表面积,易于表面修饰等优点,目前在药物载体方面的研究发展迅速。随着纳米技术的发展,除了氧化石墨烯外,进一步将还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯量子点、石墨烯纳米带等石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体应用到医学领域。本文综述了石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体在医学领域的研究进展,并从石墨烯类纳米材料的相关毒性研究角度,提醒了人们负载药物前后石墨烯类纳米材料的迁移规律对其潜在风险研究的重要性。     

污水厂尾水MBBR反硝化深度脱氮填料比较

针对污水处理厂尾水中NO-3-N含量高的特点,采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)对其进行反硝化深度脱氮,并对填料效能进行比较.结果表明:在p H值为7.2~8.0、温度为24~26℃、HRT为12 h、甲醇投加量为25.5 mg·L-1、填料填充率为30%、进水TN浓度为7.5~13.3 mg·L-1、NO-3-N浓度为2.2~12.4 mg·L-1的条件下,MBBR采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯泡沫体和陶粒4种填料,均有较好的脱氮效能,其中,聚丙烯填料MBBR的脱氮效能最优,其TN、NO-3-N平均去除率分别达45.3%和76.3%,出水TN、NO-3-N最低为2.4 mg·L-1和0.2 mg·L-1,最大反硝化速率可达10.6 g·m-2·d-1(以NO-3-N计).三维荧光图谱分析表明,各填料MBBR进水和出水中均含有SMP和BOD5,陶粒和聚丙烯填料MBBR对其去除效能较优.