全文获取类型
收费全文 | 271篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 114篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 11篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 14篇 |
综合类 | 156篇 |
基础理论 | 105篇 |
污染及防治 | 87篇 |
评价与监测 | 15篇 |
社会与环境 | 8篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有402条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Prescreening teratogenic potential of chlorinated drinking water disinfection by products by using Hydra regeneration assay 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PrescreeningteratogenicpotentialofchlorinateddrinkingwaterdisinfectionbyproductsbyusingHydraregenerationasayJiYuantangDepar... 相似文献
102.
目前,筛选试验中振动应力量值选取大多采用GJB推荐值,而不同产品有其不同动力学特性,从而很难保证各类产品都达到强筛选效果.针对这种不足,本文提出一种根据产品实测响应而确定振动量级的新方法,并以电子组件为例,给出具体的实施方法及操作过程中诸多问题的解决办法.实践证明本方法具有推广价值. 相似文献
103.
104.
Stoimir Kolarević Jelena Knežević-Vukčević Momir Paunović Margareta Kračun Božica Vasiljević Jelena Tomović Branka Vuković-Gačić Zoran Gačić 《Chemosphere》2013
This study was undertaken to investigate the potential of the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana for detection of genotoxic pollution of the environment. Study was performed at two sites in the Velika Morava River, from May 2010 to February 2011. The alkaline comet assay on haemocytes was used, and the olive tail moment (OTM) was chosen as a measure of DNA damage. The specimens held on acclimation under controlled laboratory conditions for 10 d were used as a control. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of phosphates and increased concentrations of zinc, copper and nickel at both sites during the entire sampling period. The values of OTM in mussels collected from the environment, significantly correlated with the concentration of zinc (r = 0.6248), temperature (r = 0.7006) and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.7738). Seasonal variations in genotoxic response were observed, with the highest OTM values obtained during summer months. Preliminary results of the in vitro study indicated the effect of water temperature on genotoxic response to zinc and cadmium in S. woodiana suggesting that the presence of genotoxic pollutants during months with lower temperature could be under-estimated. Obtained results indicate that S. woodiana could be a valuable tool for active biomonitoring of aquatic environments and emphasizes the importance of seasonal genotoxic monitoring with this organism. 相似文献
105.
Gustavsson L Hollert H Jonsson S van Bavel B Engwall M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(3):202-211
Goal, Scope and Background Sweden has prohibited the deposition of organic waste since January, 2005. Since 1 million tons of sludge is produced every
year in Sweden and the capacity for incineration does not fill the demands, other methods of sludge management have to be
introduced to a larger degree. One common method in the USA and parts of Europe is the use of wetlands to treat wastewater
and sewage sludge. The capacity of reed beds to affect the toxicity of a complex mixture of nitroaromatics in sludge, however,
is not fully elucidated. In this study, an industrial sludge containing explosives and pharmaceutical residues was therefore
treated in artificial reed beds and the change in toxicity was studied. Nitroaromatic compounds, which are the main ingredients
of many pharmaceuticals and explosives, are well known to cause cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Recently performed studies
have also showed that embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are sensitive to nitroaromatic compounds. Therefore, we tested the sludge passing through constructed wetlands in order
to detect any changes in levels of embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and dioxin-like activity (AhR-agonists). We also compared
unplanted and planted systems in order to examine the impact of the root system on the fate of the toxicants.
Methods An industrial sludge containing a complex mixture of nitroaromatics was added daily to small-scale constructed wetlands (vertical
flow), both unplanted and planted with Phragmites australis. Sludge with an average dry weight of 1.25%, was added with an average hydraulic loading rate of 1.2 L/day. Outgoing water
was collected daily and stored at −20°C. The artificial wetland sediment was Soxhlet extracted, followed by clean-up with
multi-layer silica, or extracted by ultrasonic treatment, yielding one organic extract and one water extract of the same sample.
Genotoxicity of the extracts was measured according to the ISO protocol for the umu-C genotoxicity assay (ISO/TC 147/SC 5/WG9
N8), using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 as test organism. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity were studied using the fish egg assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the dioxin-like activity was measured using the DR-CALUX assay. Chemical analyses of nitroaromatic compounds were performed
using Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and GC-MS.
Results Organic extracts of the bed material showed toxic potential in all three toxicity tests after two years of sludge loading.
There was a difference between the planted and the unplanted beds, where the toxicity of organic extracts overall was higher
in the bed material from the planted beds. The higher toxicity of the planted beds could have been caused by the higher levels
of total carbon in the planted beds, which binds organic toxicants, and by enrichment caused by lower volumes of outgoing
water from the planted beds.
Discussion Developmental disorders were observed in zebrafish exposed directly in contact to bed material from unplanted beds, but not
in fish exposed to bed material from planted beds. Hatching rates were slightly lower in zebrafish exposed to outgoing water
from unplanted beds than in embryos exposed to outgoing water from planted beds. Genotoxicity in the outgoing water was below
detection limit for both planted and unplanted beds. Most of the added toxicants via the sludge were unaccounted for in the
outgoing water, suggesting that the beds had toxicant removal potential, although the mechanisms behind this remain unknown.
Conclusions During the experimental period, the beds received a sludge volume (dry weight) of around three times their own volume. In
spite of this, the toxicity in the bed material was lower than in the sludge. Thus, the beds were probably able to actually
decrease the toxicity of the added, sludge-associated toxicants. When testing the acetone extracts of the bed material, the
planted bed showed a higher toxicity than the unplanted beds in all three toxicity tests. The toxicity of water extracts from
the unplanted beds, detected by the fish egg assay, were higher than the water extracts from the planted beds. No genotoxicity
was detected in outgoing water from either planted or unplanted beds. All this together indicates that the planted reed beds
retained semi-lipophilic acetone-soluble toxic compounds from the sludge better than the unplanted beds, which tended to leak
out more of the water soluble toxic compounds in the outgoing water. The compounds identified by SPME/GC in the outgoing water
were not in sufficient concentrations to have caused induction in the genotoxicity test.
Recommendations and Perspectives This study has pointed out the benefits of using constructed wetlands receiving an industrial sludge containing a complex
mixture of nitroaromatics to reduce toxicity in the outgoing water. The water from planted, constructed wetlands could therefore
be directed to a recipient without further cleaning. The bed material should be investigated over a longer period of time
in order to evaluate potential accumulation and leakage prior to proper usage or storage. The plants should be investigated
in order to examine uptake and possible release when the plant biomass is degraded.
This article has been developed on the basis of a presentation given at the Annual meeting of SETAC Europe German Language
Branch 2004 in Aachen.
ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Ludek Blaha (blaha@recetox.muni.cz) 相似文献
106.
Lah B Vidic T Glasencnik E Cepeljnik T Gorjanc G Marinsek-Logar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):107-118
Combining genotoxicity/mutagenicity tests and physico-chemical methodologies can be useful for determining the potential genotoxic
contaminants in soil samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of soil by applying an integrated physico-chemical-biological
approach. Soil samples were collected at six sampling points in a Slovenian industrial and agricultural region where contamination
by heavy metals and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are primarily caused by a nearby power plant. The in vitro alkaline version of the comet assay on water soil leachates was
performed with Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. A parallel genotoxicity evaluation of the samples was performed by Ames test using
Salmonella typhimurium and the Tradescantia micronucleus test. Pedological analyses, heavy metal content determination, and different physico-chemical analyses, were
also performed utilizing standard methodology. Water leachates of soil samples were prepared according to standard methods.
Since only a battery of biotests with prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms or cells can accurately estimate the effects of
(geno)toxicants in soil samples and water soil leachates, a combination of three bioassays, with cells or organisms belonging
to different trophic levels, was used. Genotoxicity of all six water soil leachates was proven by the comet assay on both
human cell lines, however no positive results were detected by bacterial assay, Ames test. The Tradescantia micronucleus assay showed increase in micronuclei formation for three samples. According to these results we can assume that
the comet assay was the most sensitive assay, followed by the micronucleus test. The Ames test does not appear to be sensitive
enough for water soil leachates genotoxicity evaluations where heavy metal contamination is anticipated. 相似文献
107.
利用综合指标和一元分布拟合筛选重点污染源 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
首次将综合指标和数理统计一元分布拟合方法运用于重点污染源的筛选,通过筛选排污量离群单位来确定重点污染源.研究了污染物排放量的分布,污染源各污染物排放量之间的关系;在进行重点污染源的筛选时,针对污染源所处不同地理位置或不同排放去向,可造成不同危害程度的问题,采取了对污染源所处地理位置或排放去向进行加权的方法;针对当污染源排放多种污染物,多参数筛选难于综合考虑的问题,提出了采用综合参数进行筛选的方法.采用的重点污染源的筛选方法更具有理论依据和科学性. 相似文献
108.
Goran Gajski Sanda Ravlić Željka Capuder Vera Garaj-Vrhovac 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):607-613
Wide distribution, stability and long persistence in the environment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best-known and most useful insecticide in the world, imposes the need for further examination of the effect of this chemical on human health and especially on the human genome. In this study, peripheral blood human lymphocytes from a healthy donor were exposed to 0.025 mg/L concentration of p,p′-DDT at different time periods (1, 2, 24 and 48 h). For the assessment of genotoxic effect, the new criteria for scoring micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay were used. Both methods showed that p,p′-DDT induces DNA damage in low concentration used in this research. Results of micronucleus test showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) genotoxic effect of p,p′-DDT on human lymphocytes compared with corresponding control and a different exposure time. A comet assay also showed increased DNA damage caused in p,p′-DDT-exposed human lymphocytes than in corresponding control cells for the tail length. Results obtained by measuring the level of DNA migration and incidence of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) indicate the sensitivity of these tests and their application in detection of primary genome damage after long-term exposure to establish the effect of p,p′-DDT on human genome. 相似文献
109.
Cell lines of Etroplus suratensis established in our laboratory were evaluated for their potential use as screening tools for the ecotoxicological assessment of tannery effluent. The cytotoxic effect of tannery effluent in three cell lines derived from eye, kidney and gill tissue of E. suratensis was assessed using multiple endpoints such as Neutral Red (NR) assay, Coomassie Blue (CB) protein assay and Alamar Blue (AB) assay. Acute toxicity tests on fish were conducted by exposing E. suratensis for 96 h to tannery effluent under static conditions. The toxic effect of tannery effluent on the survival of fish was found to be concentration and time dependent. The tannery effluent at the concentration of 15% caused 100% mortality at 96 h whereas the lower concentration (0.5%) caused 13.33% mortality. The cytotoxicity of tannery effluent was found to be similar in the three cell lines tested, independent of the toxic endpoints employed. EC50 values, the effective concentration of tannery effluent resulting in 50% inhibition of cytotoxicity parameters after 48 h exposure to tannery effluent were calculated for eye, kidney and gill cell lines using NR uptake, AB and cell protein assays. Statistical analysis revealed good correlation with r2 = 0.95-0.99 for all combinations between endpoints employed. Linear correlations between each in vitro EC50 and the in vivo LC50 data, were highly significant p < 0.001 with r2 = 0.977, 0.968 and 0.906 for AB50, NR50, and CB50, respectively. 相似文献
110.
微囊藻毒素的酶联免疫法分析影响因素探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考察样品与抗微囊藻毒素(MC)-LR的单克隆抗体(单抗)加入间隔时间、温育温度、检测时间、pH、H2O2、Fe2+等不同因素对酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定MC-LR的影响。结果表明:(1)随着样品与单抗加入间隔时间延长,MC-LR测定值逐渐降低。(2)25、37℃下,MC-LR测定值几乎没有差别,测定结果与取用标准样品具有很好的一致性。(3)不同检测时间下,无论是低浓度还是高浓度标准样品,MC-LR测定值均有一定变化,虽然幅度均不大,但仍然建议终止反应后尽快比色。(4)当pH为7~9时,MC-LR测定值变化不大。(5)当H2O2摩尔浓度为0.1、1.0、10.0mmol/L时,均会对ELISA产生干扰。通过水浴去除H2O2后,H2O2初始摩尔浓度分别为0.1、1.0mmol/L时,MC-LR回收率分别达到87%及81%。(6)Fe2+对酶有显著的抑制作用,可通过沉淀过滤的方式消除干扰。 相似文献