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111.
尽管近些年我国经济已经得到了较大的发展,但是与此同时也带来了严重的环境污染问题,在新的时代背景下,国家越来越重视环境整治力度,因此做好环境监测工作显得尤为重要。为了发挥出环境监测站的工作职能,目前该领域朝着垂直管理的方向不断发展,有效地提高了整体的质量管理意识,建立起了标准的工作体系。本文将着重针对在垂直管理背景下如何提高二级环境监测站能力进行深入分析。 相似文献
112.
Xuebin Yin Chunxia Yao Zhibo Li Wei Qian Chenxi Li Longhua Wu Yongming Luo 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1787-1793
In the present study, we aim to investigate the extent of soil contamination by Hg, particularly by anthropogenic Hg, and tentatively estimate the total Hg (HgT) accumulation in topsoils (0-15 cm) in Fuyang, Zhejiang Province—a secondary Cu smelter of China. The results show that the levels of soil Hg in the vicinity of the smelters have been substantially elevated following local smelting activities. The spatial distribution of soil Hg in this area reveals a rapid decrease as the distance from the smelter reaches 1.5 km, which is probably due to the quick deposition process of particulate Hg and reactive gaseous Hg emitted from the smelters. The total accumulation of HgT in the topsoils of the study area of 10.9 km2 is approximately 365-561 kg and of which 346-543 kg might be contributed by anthropogenic emission alone with an annual emission of 17.3-27.2 kg Hg to the topsoils. 相似文献
113.
M. Tayyeb Javed W. Nimmo Asif Mahmood Naseem Irfan 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3429-3435
An experimental investigation was performed to study the effect of oxygenated liquid additives, H2O2, C2H5OH, C2H4(OH)2 and C3H5(OH)3 on NOx removal from flue gases by the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process using urea as a reducing agent. Experiments were performed with a 150 kW pilot scale reactor in which a simulated flue gas was generated by the combustion of methane operating with 6% excess oxygen in flue gases. The desired levels of initial NOx (500 ppm) were achieved by doping the fuel gas with ammonia. Experiments were performed throughout the temperature range of interest, i.e. from 800 to 1200 °C for the investigation of the effects of the process additives on the performance of aqueous urea DeNOx. With H2O2 addition a downward shift of 150 °C in the peak reduction temperature from 1130 to 980 °C was observed during the experimentation, however, the peak reduction efficiency was reduced from 81 to 63% when no additive was used. The gradual addition of C2H5OH up to a molar ratio of 2.0 further impairs the peak NOx reduction efficiency by reducing it to 50% but this is accompanied by a downward shift of 180 °C in the peak reduction temperature. Further exploration using C2H4(OH)2 suggested that a 50% reduction could be attained for all the temperatures higher than 940 °C. The use of C3H5(OH)3 as a secondary additive has a significant effect on the peak reduction efficiency that decreased to 40% the reductions were achievable at a much lower temperature of 800 °C showing a downward shift of 330 °C. 相似文献
114.
Schipper AM Wijnhoven S Leuven RS Ragas AM Hendriks AJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(1):17-26
Soil metal concentrations, inundation characteristics and abundances of 14 arthropod taxa were investigated in a moderately contaminated lowland floodplain along the Rhine River and compared to the hinterland. Internal metal concentrations were determined for the orders of Coleoptera (beetles) and Araneida (spiders) and were related to soil concentrations. The floodplain was characterized by larger arthropod abundance than the hinterland, in spite of recurrent inundations and higher soil metal concentrations. Most arthropod taxa showed increasing abundance with decreasing distance to the river channel and increasing average inundation duration. For Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, significant relations were found between arthropod concentrations and concentrations in soil. Significant relations were few but positive, indicating that increasing soil concentrations result in increasing body burdens in arthropods. For arthropod-eating vertebrates, these results might imply that larger prey availability in the floodplain coincides with higher metal concentrations in prey, possibly leading to increased exposure to metal contamination. 相似文献
115.
Ivan Muñoz María J. Martínez Bueno Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1809-1816
In this work the risk posed to seawater organisms, predators and humans is assessed, as a consequence of exposure to 12 organic micro-pollutants, namely metronidazole, trimethoprim, erythromycin, simazine, flumequine, carbaryl, atrazine, diuron, terbutryn, irgarol, diphenyl sulphone (DPS) and 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB). The risk assessment study is based on a 1-year monitoring study at a Spanish marine fish farm, involving passive sampling techniques. The results showed that the risk threshold for irgarol concerning seawater organisms is exceeded. On the other hand, the risk to predators and especially humans through consumption of fish is very low, due to the low bioconcentration potential of the substances assessed. 相似文献
116.
Xi Zhang Kai Zhang Huiping Liu Wenli Lv Masahide Aikaw Bing Liu Jinhe Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):91-98
To investigate the secondary formation and pollution sources of atmospheric particles in urban Beijing, PM2.5 and its chemical components were collected and determined by URG-9000D ambient ion monitor (AIM) from March 2016 to January 2017. Among water-soluble ions (WSIs), NO3?, SO42- and NH4+ (SNA) had the largest proportion (77.8%) with the total concentration of 23.8 μg/m3. Moreover, as fine particle pollution worsened, the NO3?, SO42- and NH4+ concentrations increased basically, which revealed that secondary aerosols were the main cause of particle pollution in Beijing. Furthermore, the particle neutralization ratio (1.1), the ammonia to sulfate molar ratio (3.4) and the nitrate to sulfate molar ratio (2.2) showed that secondary aerosols are under ammonium-rich conditions with the main chemical forms of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4, and vehicle emission could be the main anthropogenic source of secondary aerosols in Beijing. Source analysis further indicated that secondary aerosols, solid fuel combustion, dust and marine aerosol were the principal pollution sources of PM2.5, accounting for about 46.1%, 22.4% and 13.0%, respectively, and Inner Mongolia and Hebei Provinces could be considered as the main potential sources of PM2.5 in urban Beijing. In addition, secondary formation process was closely related with gaseous precursor emission amounts (SO2, NO2, NH3 and HONO), atmospheric ozone concentration (O3), meteorological conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and particle components. Sensitive analysis of the thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA II) revealed that controlling total nitrate (TN) is the effective measure to mitigate fine particle pollution in Beijing. 相似文献
117.
A field experiment from 18 August to 8 September 2006 in Beijing, China, was carried out. A hazy day was defined as visibility < l0 km and RH (relative humidity) < 90%. Four haze episodes, which accounted for ~ 60% of the time during the whole campaign, were characterized by increases of SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) and SOA (secondary organic aerosol) concentrations. The average values with standard deviation of SO42 −, NO3−, NH4+ and SOA were 49.8 (± 31.6), 31.4 (± 22.3), 25.8 (± 16.6) and 8.9 (± 4.1) μg/m3, respectively, during the haze episodes, which were 4.3, 3.4, 4.1, and 1.7 times those in the non-haze days. The SO42 −, NO3−, NH4+, and SOA accounted for 15.8%, 8.8%, 7.3%, and 6.0% of the total mass concentration of PM10 during the non-haze days. The respective contributions of SNA species to PM10 rose to about 27.2%, 15.9%, and 13.9% during the haze days, while the contributions of SOA maintained the same level with a slight decrease to about 4.9%. The observed mass concentrations of SNA and SOA increased with the increase of PM10 mass concentration, however, the rate of increase of SNA was much faster than that of the SOA. The SOR (sulfur oxidation ratio) and NOR (nitrogen oxidation ratio) increased from non-haze days to hazy days, and increased with the increase of RH. High concentrations of aerosols and water vapor favored the conversion of SO2 to SO42 − and NO2 to NO3−, which accelerated the accumulation of the aerosols and resulted in the formation of haze in Beijing. 相似文献
118.
本文分析了湖南省中亚热带次生林优势种群间的联结和环境梯度。通过研究,将全省次生林划分为8大类型即暖性针叶林、温性针叶林、干热性常绿阔叶林、干暖性常绿阔叶林、暖湿性常绿阔叶林、温湿性常绿阔叶林、暖性落叶阔叶林和温性落叶阔叶林等。 相似文献
119.
采用混凝沉降-砂滤-活性炭吸附-消毒工艺,对模拟城市污水处理厂二级处理工艺的SBR中试系统的出水进行了深度处理实验研究。实验结果表明,深度处理后的出水所检测的浊度、pH、COD、NH3-N、细菌总数等5项指标已经达到了《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)。 相似文献
120.
Liping Liu Barnabas C. Seyler Hefan Liu Li Zhou Dongyang Chen Song Liu Chang Yan Fumo Yang Danlin Song Qinwen Tan Fengju Ji Cheng Feng Qiuwei Wang Yunchun Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):179-193
Integral to the urban ecosystem, greening trees provide many ecological benefits, but the active biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) they release contribute to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols, which harm ambient air quality. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the BVOC emission characteristics of dominant greening tree species and their relative contribution to secondary pollutants in various urban contexts. Consequently, this study utilized a dynamic enclosure system to collect BVOC samples of seven dominant greening tree species in urban Chengdu, Southwest China. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze the BVOC components and standardized BVOC emission rates of each tree species were then calculated to assess their relative potential to form secondary pollutants. We found obvious differences in the composition of BVOCs emitted by each species. Ficus virens displayed a high isoprene emission rate at 31.472 μgC/(gdw (g dry weight)•hr), while Cinnamomum camphora emitted high volumes of D-Limonene at 93.574 μgC/(gdw•hr). In terms of the BVOC emission rates by leaf area, C. camphora had the highest emission rate of total BVOCs at 13,782.59 μgC/(m2•hr), followed by Cedrus deodara with 5466.86 μgC/(m2•hr). Ginkgo biloba and Osmanthus fragrans mainly emitted oxygenated VOCs with lower overall emission rates. The high BVOC emitters like F. virens, C. camphora, and Magnolia grandiflora have high potential for significantly contributing to environmental secondary pollutants, so should be cautiously considered for future planting. This study provides important implications for improving urban greening efforts for subtropical Chinese urban contexts, like Chengdu. 相似文献