非致癌有机物水质基准的推导方法研究

基于美国环保局发表的环境水质基准(AWQC)推导方法,本文着重从理论上研究并讨论了非致癌有机物环境水质基准的推导过程。以1,2,4-三氯苯为例,计算了它的AWQC值。     

Preparing for major terrorist attacks against chemical clusters: Intelligently planning protection measures w.r.t. domino effects

Chemical industrial areas or so-called chemical clusters consist of hundreds, and sometimes thousands, of chemical installations situated next to each other. Such areas can thus be seen as the summation of a large number of structures exhibiting danger to a certain degree for initiating or continuing accident domino effects or knock-on effects. In this article, an approach to investigate in a systemic way the vulnerability of each installation within the larger chemical cluster context, is developed. Our suggested method results in a prioritization of chemical installations with respect to their vulnerability for domino effects. The method can be used for intelligently designed protection of chemical industrial areas against terrorist attacks.     

关于我国安全工程师职称的研究

叙述了研究我国安全工程师职称的目的、意义、研究内容、关键难点、前期准备、研究方案、经济效益等内容，并介绍了国内外安全工程专业技术与教育状况。     

Environmental quality criteria: Some considerations

The physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment into which chemical contaminants are deposited may influence their chemical speciation, mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. In formulating Water Quality Criteria, the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (EPA) considered the modifying effect of abiotic environmental factors on pollutant toxicity in an innovative regulatory approach. Scientific knowledge of the interactions and correlations between pollutant toxicity and abiotic factors remains limited. Recognition of the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the recipient environment on pollutant toxicity has implications for the eventual formulation of regional, rather than uniform and national, criteria. In addition, in developing Water Quality Criteria that incorporate the effects of pollutants on aquatic life, EPA primarily focused on toxicity to aquatic animals and plants (including unicellular algae). The effects of pollutants on microbe-mediated ecological processes that are necessary for maintaining the state and quality of the ecosphere (such as biogeochemical cyclings, litter decomposition, and mineralization) were not included in the formulation of the Water Quality Criteria. To facilitate the recognition and quantification of adverse effects of pollutants on these ecological processes, the development of a computation, termed the ecological dosage 50% (EcD₅₀) is recommended. Such a formulation could also be applied to setting environmental quality criteria for terrestrial ecosystems.     

基于WebGIS的大伙房水库安全预警决策支持系统的开发

为确保水源地安全,有效提高应急反应能力,探讨了"基于WebGIS的大伙房水库安全预警决策支持系统"的构成、功能及其数据库的设计。     

A proposed Multi Criteria Analysis decision support tool for international environmental policy issues: a pilot application to emissions control in the international aviation sector

Policy making at the level of international environmental problems appears to lack a transparent, multi criteria based, decision support ‘tool’. This is due mainly to the highly political, volatile, and contextual nature of issues at this level. The environmental problem of how to regulate emissions from international civil aviation due to their transboundary nature, and the participation of international and domestic players, makes it a ‘wicked’ international environmental problem where policy making has proved problematic. This problem has been used as the basis for developing and pilot testing a tool for contributing to international policymaking, the Multi Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS). This tool is based on simplifying and integrating key components of Multi Criteria Analysis with a Decision Support System. A preliminary application of the tool explored three options for progressing the reduction of aviation emissions. Testing was based on the allocation of weights to environmental, social, economic and institutional categories, which were each then internally weighted to reflect key criteria in the policy process. Finally, likely performances of each option, against the criteria, were evaluated against Likert scale measures. The outputs from each of these steps were combined to generate a summed best policy option. Conclusions have been drawn and they indicate that the tool is potentially useful especially in the initial stages of policy development. The MCDSS is not an alternative to the international policy process, but rather complements, and makes explicit key tradeoffs in, that process.     

韩国地表水水质标准研究与启示

韩国现行地表水水质标准由保护人体健康的水质标准和保护生态环境的水质标准两部分组成。采用风险评价的方法制定有毒物质的水质标准,并根据美国EPA推导环境水质基准的公式,对制定水质基准的方法进行了改进。韩国环境部计划于2015年将水质标准扩展到30种化学物质,同时将推导得出的生态风险基准纳入水质标准,旨在推进我国地表水水质标准的制订与完善。     

Risk management of terrorist attacks in the transport of hazardous materials using dynamic geoevents

This paper focuses attention on emergency management associated with a terrorist attack in the transport of hazardous materials in urban areas. The case study is in an urban area, a potential target for terrorist attacks due to its high vulnerability. Since it is not possible to predict where and when an attack will occur, the risk associated with terrorism is complex. It is only possible to identify the critical points for potential actions where counter measure must be applied. In the case of incidents which evolve relatively slowly, mitigation actions can be applied. The use of dynamic geoevents permits the immediate location of the event on a georeferenced map and the possibility of having a dynamic evolution of the scenario and of the number of people involved. The dynamic scenario has been created using the output of a consequence simulation code and a GIS software. Some assumptions were necessary but, since the aim of the paper is to define the procedure for the construction of the dynamic geoevent, these can be considered acceptable. The method will be further implemented in future.     

中国光环境质量管理体系研究

介绍了光环境及光污染的特点、危害,并对我国现行的光环境管理标准和技术规范进行了研究,在分析美国、英国等光环境管理体系的基础上对我国光环境管理体系中的标准和技术规范构建的必要性和原则进行了探讨,并提出了存在的问题和建议,以期为今后的光环境管理体系的完善提供一定的参考。     

高原多年冻土区隧道暗挖法安全稳定性三维数值分析

青藏铁路风火山隧道以其高海拔、常年冻土环境而给施工带来了新的挑战 ,为了防止土体冻融产生的冻胀力对隧道结构造成的破坏 ,施工中必须强调衬砌结构的快速封闭。虽然全断面法和微台阶法均能较快地实现衬砌的封闭 ,但在洞口段岩体较为破碎的条件下 ,到底哪种方法能够满足既安全又快速的施工要求 ,是摆在施工者面前的难题。笔者采用三维数值模拟的方法 ,对风火山隧道出口端的开挖方法和支护方式的安全稳定性进行了研究 ,其结果认为 ,全断面开挖难以控制工作面的稳定 ,会因过大沉降和结构开裂而危及施工安全 ,而同等条件下 ,采用微台阶法施工 ,则可以将拱顶沉降和结构应力控制在允许范围内。经分析对照 ,证明数值分析预测结果正确 ,与施工实践有很好的一致性。