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411.
The associated industrial and urban developments are located to a large extent along the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea coastal and
raw sewage is often discharged into near shore waters with little treatment. To find out chemical characteristics and pollution
source of the petroleum related contaminations in sediments near the major drainage outfalls located in the coastal, in this
study, 10 surface sediment samples were collected during June. Sediment samples were extracted by organic solvents, separated
by silica gel column chromatography and the concentrations and the profiles of n-alkane, biomarker and PAH in sediments were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). The use of several
molecular markers and related indexes derived for n-alkane and PAHs has been proposed for assessing the relative contributions to the environment of hydrocarbon sources. As
a result, n-alkanes reflect that the sea area of paper mill (Station ZZ08) is dominated by vascular plant. DY petroleum oil field and
outer shore of the paper mill (Station ZZ02) have some degrees of petroleum related hydrocarbon contamination. Whereas the
contamination of the sea area of TH River may be ascribed to different sources such as territorial non-point pollution source,
domestic sewages, and stormwater runoff. Judged by their PAH ratios, the sediments near the paper mill (Station ZZ02) and
the outer station of the oil field (Staion TH2) were pyrolytic. The estuary of Tiao River including the inner Station THX,
TH10 and TH05 are petrogenic. The marine sediment near DY drainage outfall may have a mixture source of PAH both pyrolytic
and petrogenic. 相似文献
412.
Live feeds, especially Tubifex spp., which are collected from a wide variety of polluted habitats, are used by aquarium fish keepers in India. These habitats
receive domestic sewage and industrial wastes from nearby residential and industrial areas. Reports of morbidity and mortality
from aquarium fish culturists in and around Mumbai led to the present investigations on the ecology of these habitats with
a view to assess the water quality, presence of heavy metals in the environment and their bioaccumulation in Tubifex worms, and to examine whether these habitats could be exploited to meet the demand of the industry. Six natural red worm
(Tubifex spp.) collection centres in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra state in India constituting a major source of live
Tubifex supply to aquarium fish industry were evaluated for pollution, heavy metal concentration in water, sediments and in the body
tissues of Tubifex. Data revealed the presence of heavy metals in water and sediments at collection sites and bioaccumulation of cadmium, iron,
lead, zinc and copper in body tissues of Tubifex worms. Cadmium ranged from 2.38 to 7.21 mg/kg, iron 671.9 to 5738 mg/kg, lead 14.95 to 33.49 mg/kg, zinc 60.20 to 166.60 mg/kg
and copper 29.38 to 108.90 mg/kg of dry Tubifex worms. The study suggests that all the six collection sites are polluted and the red worms contaminated with heavy metals
and hence, unfit for use in aquaria or feeding any variety of fish or crustaceans in the hatcheries. 相似文献
413.
Stream-bed sediment samples were collected in 2001 and 2004 along the Fratta-Gorzone River (Italy) to assess the level of
heavy metal contamination. The river stretch most affected by discharges of tannery effluent showed total and pseudo-total
Cr levels (up to 2,860 mg/kg) that greatly exceed national and international chemical sediment quality standards. The most
contaminated section of the river bed is located downstream of the main industrial discharge. However, a large fraction of
the Cr present in the sediment appears to be of lithogenic origin. At most sites, more than 50% of Cr is not soluble in aqua-regia
and thus unlikely to be very mobile or easily bio-available. A negligible risk to the benthic community can be inferred for
Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni. This work highlights the limitation of using existing chemical sediment quality standards alone for
risk assessment. The collection and analysis of suspended solids, the determination of river discharge and of dissolved Cr
at 10 field stations allowed to estimate the particulate and dissolved Cr load and to locate the river stretch that was the
likely source of contaminated sediment. The pumping of dilution water from the Adige River into the Fratta-Gorzone River did
not produce the expected contaminant dilution effect due to re-suspension of contaminated solid particles and the release
of Cr in solution. 相似文献
414.
Resuspension of contaminated field and formulated reference sediments Part I: Evaluation of metal release under controlled laboratory conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In aquatic systems where metal contaminated sediments are present, the potential exists for metals to be released to the water column when sediment resuspension occurs. The release and partitioning behavior of sediment-bound heavy metals is not well understood during resuspension events. In this study, the release of Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn from sediments during resuspension was evaluated using reference sediments with known physical and chemical properties. Sediment treatments with varying quantities of acid volatile sulfide (AVS), total organic carbon (TOC), and different grain size distributions were resuspended under controlled conditions to evaluate their respective effects on dissolved metal concentrations. AVS had the greatest effect on limiting release of dissolved metals, followed by grain size and TOC. Predictions of dissolved concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn were developed based on the formulated sediment Σmetal/AVS ratios with Σmetal being the total sediment metal concentration. Predicted values were compared to measured dissolved metal concentrations in contaminated field sediments resuspended under identical operating conditions. Metal concentrations released from the field sediments were low overall, in most cases lower than predicted values, reflecting the importance of other binding phases. Overall, results indicate that for sulfidic sediments, low levels of the study metals are released to the dissolved phase during short-term resuspension. 相似文献
415.
Smith LM Harvey JE Harwell LC Summers JK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):189-207
In 1999, the United States Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division initiated a pilot study to assess the condition
of nearshore coastal resources. Near-shelf areas associated with coastal beaches are susceptible to land based activities,
but are not consistently monitored. Additionally, few or no marine water quality criteria exist for evaluating these waters.
The goal of this pilot study was to assess the ecological condition of Gulf of Mexico near-shelf resources using a probability-based
survey design. Data are used to generate a baseline assessment of condition in coastal nearshore areas and provide a comparative
tool for evaluating future trends in condition. Water quality, sediment quality and benthic diversity data can provide a baseline
assessment for managers to evaluate the potential for future problems such as nutrient over-enrichment, sediment contamination
and degraded biological condition. We present results from a probability-based survey demonstration assessing near-shelf resources
along the Florida panhandle. 相似文献
416.
Sediments are disturbed by wind frequently, especially in the shallow lakes. The characteristics of resuspended sediment particles
in Taihu Lake were studied under different wind velocities. It showed that sediment particles suspended obviously and particle
number in overlying water increased directly under high wind-induced disturbance. Suspended solid (SS) concentration was less
than 50 mg/l when the wind velocity was below 3.0 m/s, however, it increased to more than 300 mg/l when the wind velocity
was 10.0 m/s. Two methods were used to measure the fractal characteristics of particles. One was light scattering and the
other was image analysis. The three-dimensional fractal dimensions of suspended particles, measured by light scattering, were
between 2.26 and 2.44; correspondingly, the two-dimensional fractal dimensions, calculated by image analysis, were between
1.44 and 1.77. Moreover, the three-dimensional fractal dimensions were directly proportional to two-dimensional fractal dimensions.
The characteristic length of particles was calculated by image analysis. The minimum characteristic length was close to 8.5
μm when the wind velocity was 1.5 m/s at 50 cm beneath lake surface, while, the maximum characteristic length was approximate
to 24 μm when the wind velocity was 10 m/s at the depth of 150 cm. 相似文献
417.
Jianyang Guo Xiaojun Luo Haiqing Liao Wen Li Shejun Chen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2175-2180
The temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined in dated sediments from five lakes in Western China. The surficial concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs (BaA, Chyr, BbF, BkF, BaP, DBA and INP, hereafter denoted as PAH7) were highly site-specific. The ΣPAH7 concentrations generally increased from the deep layers to surface sediments. The temporal trends of ΣPAH7 concentrations were clearly different from those reported in developed countries. From 1950s to 1980s, which PAHs started to decrease in developed countries, is the right period that PAHs started to increase rapidly in Western China. The fluxes and mass inventories suggest that the PAH7 input over the past three decades was much more rapidly than it was before the 1980s. Source identification indicates that the PAHs were primarily from biomass burning and domestic coal combustion, and increasing vehicular and/or industrial coal combustion emission was also found. 相似文献
418.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were detected in sediment core samples collected in Tokyo Bay to reveal their time trends. The core sample deposited during 1950s-2004 was divided into two- to three-year intervals and the concentrations of 24 types of PFCs were determined. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) decreased gradually from the early 1990s and its precursor decreased rapidly in the late 1990s, whereas perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased rapidly. The observed trends were regarded as a reflection of the shift from perfluorooctyl sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF)-based products to telomer-based products after the phaseout of PFOSF-based products in 2001. The branched isomers of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) were detected in the sample with its ratio of linear-isomer/branched-isomer concentrations decreasing. In this study, we revealed that the sediment core can serve as a tool for reconstructing the past pollution trend of PFCs and can provide interesting evidence concerning their environmental dynamics and time trend. 相似文献
419.
M. Carmen Casado-Martinez Brian D. Smith Philip S. Rainbow 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3071-3076
We followed the net accumulation of As, Cu and Zn in the deposit-feeding polychaete Arenicola marina exposed in the laboratory to natural metal-contaminated sediments, one exposure leading to mass mortality between day 10 and 20, and the other not causing lethality over a period of 60 days of exposure. The worms showed lower total accumulated metal concentrations just before mortality occurred (<20 days) at the lethal exposure, than after 30 days of exposure to sediments not causing mortality. Moreover rates of accumulation of As, Cu and Zn were significantly higher in the lethal exposure than in the sublethal exposure. Our results show that it is not possible to link mortality to a critical total body concentration, and we add to a growing body of literature indicating that metal toxicity occurs when organisms cannot cope with overwhelming influx and subsequent accumulation rates. 相似文献
420.
Nsikak U. Benson Joseph P. Essien Godwin A. Ebong Akan B. Williams 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(3):275-282
The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons in two commonly consumed benthopelagic shellfishes, Macura reptantia and Procambarus clarkii, harvested from benthic sediment of Qua Iboe Estuary were determined using a gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector.
Seventy-two (72) samples each of benthic sediment and the shellfishes were collected monthly between June 2003 and February
2004 covering the peak periods of the wet and dry seasons. Concentrations of hydrocarbons were highly variable and ranged
between 5.00 and 232.00 μg/g dry weight of benthic sediment, 3.05 and 11.30 μg/g dry weight of M. reptantia, 1.62 and 9.00 μg/g dry weight of P. clarkii. Pearson’s correlation analysis of total hydrocarbon concentrations in subtidal sediments with levels in the fauna species
yielded positive significant (P < 0.05) correlations in M. reptantia (r = 0.737) and P. clarkii (r = 0.924). This is indicative of a long term and chronic accumulation of hydrocarbons in the estuarine ecosystem, reflecting
the potential for exposure of the resident biota and the risk to human health. 相似文献