溶解氧对河流底泥中三氮释放的影响

作为内源污染的底泥沉积物中营养物的释放引起了越来越多的关注。通过大型静态土柱模拟实验,研究氮在上覆水和孔隙水中的分布特性和释放特性。在控制氧气条件、底泥有机质含量和粒径大小的条件下,连续观测氨态氮、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的浓度及其垂向分布特性。结果发现：时间分布上,通氧条件明显影响水体底泥中三氮释放与反硝化作用达到平衡的时间;垂向分布上,三期实验的上覆水的无机氮以氨态氮为主,不同的通氧条件下,各柱的孔隙水的三氮浓度比上覆水高,且三氮在沉积物中随深度增加而增加;氨态氮和硝态氮浓度则以孔隙水的为高,随深度增加而增加;低溶解氧水平加快底泥释放氨氮速度和增大释放量。     

鄱阳湖水及其沉积物中的重金属调查

通过１９９２年５月１６日－６月２０日，１９９３年１月７日－２月５日的平，枯水期时鄱阳湖水及其沉积物中的重金属含量调查，进行了分析与评价。结果表明，信江东支河口，乐安河口，波阳河口等，以及湖区中的龙口，棠荫，湖口等区域水中的重金属含量为全湖较大区域，鄱阳湖枯水期水中的重金属含量高于平水期，部分区域枯水期Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ含量超过渔业用水标准，河口，湖区沉积物中的Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ等含量均较高，是湖水相应背景值     

太湖沉积物重金属污染生态风险的综合评价

为研究太湖沉积物重金属污染的生态风险。在2012年2月采集太湖7个采样点的表层沉积物,分析测定重金属总量以及可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的金属含量,采用风险评价准则、潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属污染进行生态风险评价。结果表明:太湖沉积物中重金属除竺山湾处于偏中度污染水平,其他各点均处于轻度污染状态。全湖Ni、Zn和Cu的可利用态比例较高。太湖沉积物重金属污染为低生态风险,竺山湾生态风险高于其他地区。Ni和Pb的生态风险高于其他金属。需对太湖竺山湾污染物排放进行控制,对全湖沉积物中Ni污染进行优先控制与去除。     

螯合剂处理重金属污染底泥研究进展

河流湖泊等水体底泥污染问题已引起全世界的关注,尤其重金属污染问题。本文在综述底泥的重金属污染现状的基础上,重点论述了重金属螯合剂处理污染底泥的机理,从螯合剂、螯合剂诱导植物修复处理重金属污染底泥中的应用两个方面论述了国内外螯合剂的研究现状,并指出螯合剂应用研究中存在的问题。最后对未来的研究重点进行了展望。     

长江下游沉积物中重金属污染现状与特征

对长江下游沉积物中的重金属Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn、Hg和As进行全量和醋酸提取态(包括水溶态、可交换态和碳酸盐结合态)分析.结果表明,大部分重金属主要来源于地壳元素的自然释放,但Cu、Zn、Hg和As在最近十几年因受到人为排放的影响质量比有所增加.长江江苏段的重金属质量比普遍高于入海口上海段;位于悬浮物易沉降地区的靖江重金属质量比明显偏高.Cu和Zn总体质量比较高,且醋酸提取态所占比例较大,对长江下游存在潜在的生态风险.     

HPLC-ESI-MS测定地表水中典型全氟化合物方法

利用固相萃取技术,基于高效液相色谱一质谱仪,建立检测水样中典型全氟化合物（全氟辛基磺酸、全氟辛酸、全氟壬酸）的分析方法。从线性范围、定量检测限、回收率、空白试验以及实际样品测定方面,验证了分析方法的可行性。该分析方法降低了仪器成本,操作简便,有利于全氟化合物监测项目的推广。     

太湖沉积物中重金属污染状况及分布特征探讨

依据沉积学原理和水体沉积物重金属的环境地球化学特性，用地积累指数法和改进的多变量Chernoff脸谱图，对太湖沉积物中重金属的污染状况及不同重金属的地积累程度进行了综合性的评价。结果表明：（1）太湖沉积物中重金属的污染可划分为3个区域：湖心相对清洁区、湖岸轻度污染区和内湖综合污染区。（2）太湖沉积物中重金属存在轻度污染。其中铜污染极别高于其它金属，且集中的太湖北部地区。铬污染属于轻度污染，具有分布空间广且均衡的特点。     

Physicochemical aspects of using natural scavengers in removing methylene blue (basic dye) from solution

Effluent from dyeing and finishing processes is an important source of water pollution. The effectiveness of bentonite, kaolinite and sediment from a local deposit in removing methylene blue as a cationic dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The adsorption equilibrium (isotherm) has been determined according to Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The optimum amount is 0.5 g for all adsorbents, and the optimum pH ranges are 2–8 for bentonite and 2–6 for kaolinite and sediment. With respect to kinetic modelling, the adsorption of methylene blue on various adsorbents was fitted to a second-order equation. Also, the thermodynamic parameters were determined. The negative free energy values indicate the feasibility of the process and spontaneous nature of adsorption. The positive ΔH° values indicate the endothermic nature of the process. Thus, Egyptian clay minerals and sediments have a great tendency to remove the dye from solutions.     

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in wetland soils from the young and old reclaimed regions in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

Soils were sampled in three types of wetlands from the young (A) and old (B) reclaimed regions of the Pearl River Estuary. They were analyzed for total concentrations of heavy metals to investigate their distributions and pollution levels in both regions. Results showed that most heavy metals in ditch and riparian wetlands did not significantly differ from those in reclaimed wetlands in A region, while significantly lower for Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in reclaimed wetlands in B region, suggesting higher effects of long-term reclamation. Iron, Cr and Cu were identified as metal pollutants of primary concern and had higher contributions to the total toxic units compared to other metals. Almost all metals exceeded their lowest effect levels and Fe and Cr even exceeded the severe effect levels. Multivariate analysis shows that Fe and Mn are controlled by parent rocks and other metals mainly originate from anthropogenic source.     

Persistent organic pollutants in soils and sediments from James Ross Island, Antarctica

Soil and sediment samples from James Ross Island were analyzed for their PCB, OCP and PAH contents. Soil concentrations ranged between 0.51 and 1.82 ng g(-1) for seven indicator PCB congeners, between 0.49 and 1.34 ng g(-1) for HCH congeners, between 0.51 and 3.68 ng g(-1) for the sum of p,p'-DDT, DDE, and DDD, and between 34.9 and 171 ng g(-1) for the sum of 16 EPA PAHs. Sediment levels from 0.32 to 0.83 ng g(-1) were found for PCBs, from 0.14 to 0.76 ng g(-1) for HCHs, from 0.19 to 1.15 ng g(-1) for DDTs, and from 1.4 to 205 ng g(-1) for PAHs. A prevalence of low-mass PAHs, less chlorinated PCBs, and more volatile chemicals indicates that the long-range atmospheric transport from populated areas of Africa, South America, and Australia is the most probable contamination source for the solid matrices in James Ross Island.