高效物化法处理炼油废水

采用斜板式隔油沉淀与两级混凝气浮组成的工艺处理炼油废水。隔油池中设置斜板提高了油与悬浮物的去除率，同时也提高了油的回收量。循环式刮油刮泥机可及时刮除浮油与沉泥。混凝使胶粒与乳化油粒脱稳、聚集，易被气浮法去除。两级气浮串联使气浮系统的去除效率高并运行稳定。     

A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis

The paper describes the results of a municipal solid waste management planning based on an extensive utilization of material and substance flow analysis, combined with the results of specific life cycle assessment studies. The mass flow rates of wastes and their main chemical elements were quantified with a view to providing scientific support to the decision-making process and to ensure that the technical inputs to this process are transparent and rigorous. The role of each waste management option (recycling chains, biological and thermal treatments), as well as that of different levels of household source separation and collection (SSC), was quantitatively determined. The plant requirements were consequently evaluated, by assessing the benefits afforded by the application of high quality SSC, biological treatment of the wet organic fraction, and thermal treatment of unsorted residual waste. Landfill volumes and greenhouse gas emissions are minimized, toxic organic materials are mineralized, heavy metals are concentrated in a small fraction of the total former solid waste volume, and the accumulation of atmophilic metals in the air pollution control residues allows new recycling schemes to be designed for metals. The results also highlight that the sustainability of very high levels of SSC is reduced by the large quantities of sorting and recycling residues, amounts of toxic substances in the recycled products, as well as logistic and economic difficulties of obtaining very high interception levels. The combination of material and substance flow analysis with an environmental assessment method such as life cycle assessment appears an attractive tool-box for comparing alternative waste management technologies and scenarios, and then to support waste management decisions on both strategic and operating levels.     

Development of a framework to implement a recycling program in an elementary school

This study developed a system to plan, evaluate, implement, and monitor a waste reduction and source-separation program, which was then tested through a field study in a New York City elementary school. Despite efforts to implement integrated waste management in elementary schools, appropriate planning tools that document performance and support program development are lacking. To fill this gap, a system for analyzing existing programs was developed. After identifying the phases required for a successful program, a scoring system was developed to quantify the performance of existing programs. To assess existing protocol, recommendations from leading municipalities were reviewed, and the performance of existing programs was quantified within the scoring system. The existing protocol was found to contain similarities, but an overarching approach was needed to connect the provisions with programs that have been successfully deployed. From this analysis, a scoring system was developed to take into consideration the major elements needed for a waste reduction and source-separation plan, colloquially referred to as a recycling plan, as well as the specifics of implementation. This system allows for the review of programs already developed, and can pinpoint limitations prior to implementation. The framework was evaluated through the test case school, with both waste audit data and diagrams. From the lessons learned, successful techniques and recommendations for utilizing this framework were created.     

Phosphorus resources,their depletion and conservation,a review

Yearly, about 22 × 10¹² g phosphorus (P) from mined fossil phosphate resources are added to the world economy. The size of remaining fossil phosphate resources is uncertain but practically finite. Thus, fossil P resources may become depleted by ongoing mining. Despite calls for resource conservation, fossil P resources have been depleted at an increasing rate. Geographically, fossil P supply and demand are distributed in an increasingly uneven way, which has geopolitical consequences and may well affect security of supply. Current use of P gives rise to negative environmental impacts due to P losses from the economy and contaminants derived from fossil P resources. There may also be negative impacts on human health. Reducing the demand for fossil phosphorus may reduce environmental burdens and may improve the future security of supply. Technically speaking, there is much scope for the reduction of current demand for fossil P resources. Limiting consumption of P to essential uses, increased efficiency of agricultural use and increased recycling of P may substantially contribute to the reduction of demand for fossil P resources. Recycling of P has to face concerns regarding the efficiency of P recovery, pathogenic organisms and contaminating substances. Much work remains to be done to effectively address those concerns.     

HL型旋流管的开发

论述了一种新型旋流器的开发过程，新型旋流器具有双进口、弧锥段体的结构特征，公称直径分别为１８ｍｍ、２８ｍｍ，通过对新型旋流器进行实验室测试，ＨＬ２８型平均分离效率在９０％以上，明显估于国际上正在采用的Ｔｈｅｗ型双锥体和Ａｍｍｃｏ型单锥体旋流器，ＨＬ１８型比ＨＬ２８型流器有更好的分离效果，突破了国际上通常认为旋流器的直径不能小于２８ｍｍ的说法，即提高了离心分离因数，又解决了油滴破碎问题，为以后的油水     

正渗透汲取液类型及分离回收工艺研究进展

正渗透作为一种新兴的水回用和脱盐技术,能够缓解清洁水源和能源短缺现状。汲取液是限制正渗透技术发展的关键因素之一,高效的汲取液不仅能提供较大的驱动力促进正渗透过程的进行,还能使处理成本大大降低。因此需对汲取液的发展历程、现状和趋势有较全面的认识。介绍了利用正渗透产生清洁水、汲取液分离再生的相关研究,在对正渗透及汲取液简单概述后,综述了已存在的正渗透汲取液的优缺点、类型、效率和分离回收工艺。最后,提出了正渗透汲取液的发展方向和建议,以便设计研究出更适合正渗透过程的汲取液。     

HZSM-5分子筛固定床分离水体中硝基氯苯异构体

以Al₂O₃为粘结剂对粉末状HZSM-5分子筛成型,并通过HZSM-5分子筛固定床分离水体中硝基氯苯异构体.研究流量对分子筛固定床动态吸附与温度、流量对固定床动态脱附的影响,得出其动态吸附-脱附最优化条件:吸附流量25 mL/h;处理量1.35 L/批次;脱附温度40 ℃;脱附流量10 mL/h.设计了双柱串联吸附实验,以直接高效分离水体中的对硝基氯苯与邻硝基氯苯.结果表明,采用双柱串联吸附-脱附工艺,可从硝基氯苯混合液中同时回收纯度高于95%的对硝基氯苯和邻硝基氯苯,且动态吸附-脱附实验具有较好的重现性.      

高效液相色谱法测定腈纶废水中的特征污染物

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和丙烯腈为腈纶生产废水中的两种特征污染物,对二者的准确测定至关重要;文章优化了高效液相色谱法测定二者混合液的操作条件:流动相配比、流动相流速、柱温,实现了高效液相色谱法对DMAC和丙烯腈的完全分离。结果表明:色谱柱:Agilent Eclipse XDB-CN(5μm×4.6mm×150mm)不变的情况下,柱温为25℃;流动相,水∶甲醇为70∶30;流速为0.6mL/min时,二者的分离度达到5.45,能对二者进行有效的完全分离。     

炼厂常柴碱渣处理与利用

介绍了一种处理与利用炼厂常柴碱渣的方法,该方法实用、简单、速度快、成本低,经应用解决了碱渣的污染问题,并回收了可利用成分.     

化石燃料电厂CO2俘获方案研究

论述了CO2俘获的重要性和紧迫性,介绍了4种适用于化石燃料电厂的CO2俘获方案：煤粉燃烧中的CO2分离和俘获处理、气化CO2分离和俘获处理、氧燃烧CO2分离和俘获处理和化学环燃烧处理。