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411.
Kyoung Jae Lim Bernard A. Engel Zhenxu Tang Joongdae Choi Ki‐Sung Kim Suresh Muthukrishnan Dibyajyoti Tripathy 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(6):1407-1416
The separation of the base flow component from a varying streamflow hydrograph is called “hydrograph analysis.” In this study, two digital filter based separation modules, the BFLOW and Eckhardt filters, were incorporated into the Web based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) system. A statistical component was also developed to provide fundamental information for flow frequency analysis and time series analysis. The Web Geographic Information System (GIS) version of the WHAT system accesses and uses U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) daily streamflow data from the USGS web server. The results from the Eckhardt filter method were compared with the results from the BFLOW filter method that was previously validated, since measured base flow data were not available for this study. Following validation, the two digital filter methods in the WHAT system were run for 50 Indiana gaging stations. The Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient values comparing the results of the two digital filter methods were over 0.91 for all 50 gaging stations, suggesting the filtered base flow using the Eckhardt filter method will typically match measured base flow. Manual separation of base flow from streamflow can lead to inconsistency in the results, while the WHAT system provides consistent results in less than a minute. Although base flow separation algorithms in the WHAT system cannot consider reservoir release and snowmelt that can affect stream hydrographs, the Web based WHAT system provides an efficient tool for hydrologic model calibration and validation. The base flow information from the WHAT system can also play an important role for sustainable ground water and surface water exploitation, including irrigation and industrial uses, and estimation of pollutant loading from both base flow and direct runoff. Thus, best management practices can be appropriately applied to reduce and intercept pollutant leaching if base flow contributes significant amounts of pollutants to the stream. This Web GIS based system also demonstrates how remote, distributed resources can be shared through the Internet using Web programming. 相似文献
412.
阐述了膜分离活性污泥法的类型及关键工艺——膜组件的选择方法,并对膜分离活性污泥法在国内外的应用进行了简述。 相似文献
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Luis F. Diaz George M. Savage Linda L. Eggerth Stephen Bantillo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(1):29-40
The city of San José, California, USA, has a widely recognized integrated waste management program and is currently diverting
close to 50% of its waste stream from landfill disposal. This paper describes the residential and commercial components of
the city's waste management program. Information is presented on performance (e.g., types and quantities of materials that
are collected, processed, and disposed of), customer service, and costs associated with the program.
Received: October 4, 2000 / Accepted: February 15, 2001 相似文献
416.
现代分离技术在环境分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对样品进行预处理分离的主要目的是:①浓缩痕量污染物,降低最小检测浓度;②除去干扰物,提高测定的精确度和灵敏度;③通过化学衍生,提高被测物的灵敏度和选择性;④消除对分析系统有害的物质,使仪器保持良好稳定的运行状况。文章综合论述了固相萃取技术、固相微萃取技术、膜萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、毛细管电泳技术、加速溶剂萃取技术和微波萃取技术等现代分离技术在大庆油田环境分析中的应用现状以及分离技术的发展前景。 相似文献
417.
Kyehyun Kim Richard H. Hawkins 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(3):449-459
ABSTRACT: Environmental response to acidic deposition results from movement of water through the ecosystem. As a part of the environmental studies for acidic deposition sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hydrologic classification based on regional baseflow properties was done. To obtain the amount of baseflow, a flow separation method was developed based on the division of streamflows into “baseflow” and “other” runoff sources. Because of the differences in the flow paths and exposure duration, the two components were assumed to be associated with distinct geo-chemical responses. Individual annual hydrographs were analyzed using 31 separation slopes to determine the amount of baseflow. A total of 1575 streamflow stations in the Northeastern U.S. were analyzed through the access of a long-term daily stream-flow data base. An interactive computer program was developed to obtain baseflow properties and other hydrologic characteristics of each station. The output from this analysis was used to perform cluster analysis to classify streamflow behaviors. The clustering output showed different regional boundaries than those currently used by the EPA for water quality studies. 相似文献
418.
John B. Williams John E. Pinder 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(2):343-352
ABSTRACT: The quantity, seasonality, and sources of flow were analyzed for two segments of Four Mile Branch, a small stream on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina using data obtained from USGS gauging stations. Flows in the “upstream segment,” a 12.6-km2 watershed comprising the head waters of Four Mile Branch, averaged 0.129 m3 s?1 and showed a distinctly seasonal pattern, with maximum flows in February and March and minimum flows in September and October. Inflow to the “downstream segment,” a 2.2-km2 watershed associated with the main channel, averaged 0.059 m3 s?1 and showed no seasonal patterns. Discharges per unit area of watershed were greater for the downstream segment, 0.83 m3 per year per m2 of land surface, than for the upstream segment, 0.32 m3 per year per m2. The differences in discharge rates and seasonalities between the two segments reflect differences in aquifers supplying the different segments. Analyses of Streamflow by hydrograph separation and Streamflow partitioning methods indicated that greater than 90 percent of the flows in the upstream and downstream segments were due to ground water-driven base flows. 相似文献
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