中酸性土壤无机磷形态及生物有效性

在黄棕壤和棕红壤上施用磷肥,经三年室内湿润条件下培养,用石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法测定各形态磷含量.各形态用增量的分配比例表明,Fe-P居首位,其次为Al-P和O-P.三级Ca-P之和在20％以下.经培养的土壤种植黑麦草,其生物量和吸磷量与各形态磷量的相关系数除Ca10-P外,均达到极显著水准.土壤有效磷与各形态磷的相关性表明,Ca2-P是土壤有效磷的直接给源（r=0.992）,Fe-P、Al-P是有效磷的重要潜在性给源（r分别为0.982和0.914）,O-P、Ca10-P为无效态磷（r=-0.168）.     

NP型复合纳滤膜对豆腐废水处理的应用

本文对ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜的分离性能进行了初步实验并在此基础上采用纳滤膜平板过滤装置对豆腐加工过程中产生的废水进行处理,以降低废水中的ＣＯＤ含量,实验结果表明,ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜对０．２％ＭｇＳＯ４溶液的截留率（Ｒ）高于９０％,相应秀量约为２０Ｌｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１（０．４ＭＰａ）,豆腐废水ＣＯＤ的去除率大于９０％     

钒钛SCR脱硝催化剂低温研究进展

由于商用钒钛SCR催化剂存在活性温度偏高等缺点,开发低温高活性的催化剂体系已成为国内外研究的热点。分析了钒钛催化剂低温SCR反应的脱硝机理,探讨了催化剂性能的低温改性方法和努力方向,介绍了催化剂中毒方面的研究进展,为催化剂的完善和低温SCR的深入研究提供参考。     

利用高硅铁尾矿制备氧化铁及二氧化硅微粉

采用酸浸法处理高硅铁尾矿,制备工业原料Fe2O3和SiO2微粉.最佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间90 min,铁尾矿中位粒径6.19 μm,盐酸体积分数60％.在上述最佳条件下,制备的SiO2产率(所得产品中SiO2的质量占原铁尾矿中SiO2质量的比例,下同)达98.2％,品质达到YB/T 115-2004《...     

攀钢选钛厂主流程工艺流程优化研究

分析了选钛厂主流程生产现状,针对工艺中存在的问题,根据新设备、新技术在选钛厂的成功实践,提出了优化工艺流程思路,减少了不安全因素和产尘点,以提高主流程重选作业收率,增加选钛厂钛精矿产量.     

High-throughput screening of dioxins in sediment and soil using selective pressurized liquid extraction with immunochemical detection

A high-throughput screening method using selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring dioxins in sediment and soil is described. SPLE conditions were developed by extracting sediment or soil together with alumina, 10% AgNO₃ in silica, and sulfuric acid impregnated silica (acid silica) using dichloromethane (DCM) as the solvent at 100 °C and 2000 psi. Post-extraction cleanups were not required for ELISA. Two reference sediments (National Institute of Standards and Technology SRM 1944 and Wellington Laboratories WMS01) were analyzed by the SPLE–ELISA method. The ELISA utilized a polyclonal antibody and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as the calibrant. Recoveries of ELISA-derived TCDD equivalents (EQ) relative to the expected gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) derived dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) values were 116 ± 11% for SRM 1944 and 102 ± 13% for WMS01. ELISA TCDD EQs were consistent with the dioxin TEQs as measured by GC/HRMS for 25 soil/sediment samples from seven different contaminated sites. The ELISA had an approximate method detection limit of 10 pg g⁻¹ with a precision of 2.6–29% based on the relative percentage difference (%RPD) for duplicate samples. Estimated sample throughput for the SPLE–ELISA was three times or more than that of the GC/HRMS method employing PLE with a multi-column cleanup.     

磁絮凝污水处理装置的设计及实验验证

为了优化设计装置内部的结构,分别使用Fe3O4磁块和NdFeB磁块制作了2台简易装置进行实验。在实验中由于装置的结构和磁系会影响絮凝的过程,因此将磁盘厚度减到了33 mm,提高了单位时间内流体通过磁盘的流量。在实用可行方面,设计了高效率的絮体助卸装置;2块外磁盘只受单边磁力作用因而对其结构做了加强设计;并且设计了独特的磁盘位置调整机构,以便在实验中调整磁盘间距;装置使用变频调速控制能够及时调整磁盘的转速,从而保证分离的效果。在实际实验中验证了该装置的处理效果,经过处理的水体能达到国家三类水质标准。     

分离剂甲酸溶液浓度和温度对于铝塑湿法分离的影响研究

主要针对无菌复合包装废弃物中去除了纸浆后的铝塑部分的湿法分离工艺进行研究,选用甲酸作为分离溶剂,分析其反应机理。并着重对分离过程的影响控制因素进行实验研究,就不同的分离剂浓度、不同反应温度以及不同液固比条件下铝塑分离的效果及反应速率的变化分别进行分析研究,寻找铝塑片分离各影响因素之间的关系,为工业化生产应用提供参考,以提高无菌复合包装废弃物的再生利用率。     

Spatial distribution of U isotopes in sea-water sediments, Red Sea, Egypt

Isotopes of uranium in the sea-water sediments collected from two different areas (El Hamraween harbour and Ras El Behar) on the Egyptian coast of the red sea have been studied using radiochemical separation procedures and alpha-particle spectrometry. Activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁴U were calculated. The activities observed indicated enhanced radioactivity levels in sea-water sediments of El Hamraween harbour area due to the activities of phosphate shipment operation. Secular equilibrium between ²³⁴U and ²³⁸U was found in the analyzed samples. The average activity ratio of ²³⁵U/²³⁸U was close to the value 0.046 for uranium in nature.     

Investigating differential binding of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in soil and soil components using selective supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure carbon dioxide was performed at increasingly strong conditions to investigate differential binding of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in two impacted soils, in their sieved size fractions, and in small (a few mg) samples of industry-related waste products separated from impacted soil. The binding strengths of PCDD/Fs were shown to be different in the two soils, and in their different soil particle size fractions. As might be expected based on surface area considerations, one soil showed the strongest binding in the smallest (<5 μm) sieved fraction. However, the other soil showed the strongest binding in the larger sized fractions, possibly indicating that process-related particles could be controlling PCDD/F binding. Selective SFE of various types of particles including black carbon and charcoal (separated from soil), and from a suspected process anode residue did show different PCDD/F binding behavior ranging from quite weak binding (charcoal) to very strong binding (anode particles). Shifts to the stronger SFE fractions in the soils after activated carbon treatment agreed well with the decreases previously found in the uptake of PCDD/Fs by earthworms, as well as decreases in their freely-dissolved aqueous concentrations in soil/water slurries. These results show that, as previously demonstrated for PAHs and PCBs, selective SFE can be a useful tool to investigate differences in PCDD/F binding behaviors in impacted soils and sediments and their component parts, as well as a rapid tool for estimating the effectiveness of activated carbon treatments on decreasing the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs in soils and sediments.