一株高耐铜菌株的分离及特性的研究

为探索去除电镀废水中铜的处理方法 ,更有效地治理含铜废水造成的环境污染。本文采用梯度浓度驯化的方法 ,从自然界筛选了高耐铜的微生物。经鉴定该菌为枝孢霉属 (Cladosporiumsp .) ,它能耐受铜离子的最高浓度为 72 0mg L ,该菌在摇床培养过程中能成菌丝球 ,其最适生长温度为 2 5°C ,最适 pH 5 .0 ,培养时间为 72h ,摇床转速为 15 0r min。用碱进行预处理可提高菌株的吸附量 ,经 0 .2NNaOH预处理过的菌丝球对含 2 0mg L的铜离子进行吸附实验 ,其吸附量可达15 .64mg L。     

多元时间序列PCA分割及在天然气脱水装置工况识别中的应用

目的建立不同的工作状态下的设备状态预测评估模型。方法利用主成分分析法将多元时间序列数据进行切割,将分割后的数据段按照基于密度的方法,依照定义的距离,对多元时间序列进行聚类合并,从而得到不同工况下的时间序列。结果按照脱水装置工况状态,将重沸器特征对应的多元时间序列划分为不同的数据段。结论有效实现了脱水装置重沸器的参数数据分割,并识别出不同工况。     

Innovatively employing magnetic CuO nanosheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for the treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater

Magnetic CuO nanosheet(Mag-CuO), as a cheap, stable, efficient and easily separated peroxymonosulfate(PMS) activator, was prepared by a simple one-step precipitation method for the removal of organic compounds from salt-containing wastewater.The experiments showed that the removal efficiencies of various organic pollutants including Acid Orange 7, Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and atrazine in a high-salinity system(0.2 mol/L Na_2SO_4) with the Mag-CuO/PMS process were 95.81%, 74.57%, 100% and 100%,respectively.Meanwhile, Mag-CuO still maintained excellent catalytic activity in other salt systems including one or more salt components(NaCl, NaNO_3, Na_2HPO_4, NaHCO_3).A radical-quenching study and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that singlet oxygen(~1O_2) was the dominant reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of organic pollutants in high-salinity systems, which is less susceptible to hindrance by background constituents in wastewater than radicals(~·OH or SO_4~(·-)).The surface hydroxylation of the catalyst and catalytic redox cycle including Cu and Fe are responsible for the generation of~1O_2.The developed Mag-CuO catalyst shows good application prospects for the removal of organic pollutants from saline wastewater.     

VxMn(4 − x)Mo3Ce3/Ti catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3

A series of vanadium based catalysts(VxMn(4-x)Mo3Ce3/Ti) with different vanadium(x wt.%) and manganese((4-x) wt.%) contents have been prepared by the wet impregnation method and investigated for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO_x by NH_3 in the presence of 8 vol.% H_2O and 500 ppm V SO_2.The physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts were thoroughly characterized.The SCR of NO_x by NH_3(NH_3-SCR) activity, especially the low-temperature activity, significantly increased with increasing V_2O_5 content in the catalyst until the V_2O_5 content reached 1.5 wt.%, which corresponds well with the redox properties of the catalyst.All of the metal oxides were well dispersed and strongly interacted with each other on the catalyst surface.V mainly exists in the V~(5+)state in the catalysts.The strong synergistic effect between the vanadium and cerium species led to formation of more Ce~(3+)species, and that between the vanadium and manganese species contributed to formation of more manganese species with low valences.All of the catalysts exhibited strong acidity, while the redox properties determined the NH_3-SCR activity, especially the low-temperature activity.H_2O and SO_2 had severe inhibiting effects on the activity of V1.5Mn2.5Mo3Ce3/Ti.However, good H_2O and SO_2 resistance and high NO_x conversion by V1.5Mn2.5Mo3Ce3/Ti could be achieved in the presence of SO_2 and almost no decline was observed in a long-term test at 275℃ for 168 hr in the presence of SO_2 and H_2O, which can be attributed to the sulfate species formed on the catalyst surface.     

两步煅烧法回收芬顿污泥

以芬顿污泥为原料,采用两步煅烧法通过氧化还原作用制备四氧化三铁将铁泥回收。结果表明：污泥中铁元素的转变顺序为羟基氧化铁→氧化铁→四氧化三铁→氧化亚铁→铁单质。芬顿污泥中铁元素主要以羟基氧化铁的形式存在,在第一步400℃煅烧3 h以后,污泥主要成分为氧化铁。在第二步煅烧中,铁的存在形式与加入碳粉后的反应温度关系密切,700℃污泥中的铁主要是以四氧化三铁的形式存在,此时用磁选技术即可将具有磁性的四氧化三铁分离出来,此技术在工艺流程中没有产生废水、危废等物质,过程中的主要材料污泥与碳粉原料简单且完全可回收,减少了二次污染,此技术在工业水处理领域有很好的应用前景。     

聚离子液体刷接枝改性PVDF膜及其对药物硫酸氢氯吡咯雷分离性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜为底膜,通过浸渍法使多巴胺(DOPA)在膜表面形成聚多巴胺(PDOPA)层,然后由化学反应固定溴代卤化物,并通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)反应在膜表面接枝聚离子液体刷(PBIVm-Br),以制备聚离子液体刷改性PVDF膜,即PVDF-g-PBIVm-Br膜.结果表明,改性PVDF膜的接触角下降至60°以下且显示出良好的荷正电性.改性膜的药物通量和截留率均大于未改性PVDF膜,分离10 mg·L~(-1)的硫酸氢氯吡咯雷时,改性膜(M4)的药物通量可达27.62 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),截留率为89.03%,通量恢复率为95.32%.经过60 h分离实验后,膜M4对硫酸氢氯吡咯雷溶液的分离通量维持在18.05 L·m~(-2)·h~(-1),截留率从89.03%上升到92.19%.以上结果表明,聚离子液体刷改性膜在荷正电有机污染物的分离方面具有一定的应用前景.     

NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.     

用独立分量分析方法实现地震转换波与多次反射波分离

独立分量分析(ICA)是新兴的一种统计学方法。其目的是寻求对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,使得各个基分量在统计学意义上独立,或者尽最大可能独立。这种表示意在获取数据的基本结构,可有效实现特征提取和信号分离。本文概述ICA的基本理论和快速算法,并在分析地震记录特点的基础上,阐明采用ICA方法可以实现对沉积地区远震记录中转换波和多次反射波的分离。研究结果表明,ICA方法可有效地分离地震转换波和多次反射波,并由此获得较为合理的地下间断面初步解释结果,从而有利于扩展接收函数技术的应用。     

Contamination, Crop Trials, and Compatibility

This paper examines the ethical andsocial questions that underlie the present UKdiscussion whether GM crops and organicagriculture can co-exist within a given regionor are mutually exclusive. A EuropeanCommission report predicted practicaldifficulties in achieving sufficientseparation distances to guarantee lowerthreshold levels proposed for GM material inorganic produce. Evidence of gene flow betweensome crops and their wild relatives has beena key issue in the recent Government consultation toconsult on whether or not to authorizecommercial planting of GM crops, following theresults of the current UK farm scale trials.The admixture of imported Bt transgenes intolandrace varieties of Mexican maize alsopresents difficulties. An ethical evaluationis made of the claim that organic growersshould expect protection from adventitioustraces of GM constructs in their products. Towhat extent – on either side of the debate –can any particular group in society set upagricultural standards for itself that mayeffectively restrain others from an otherwisejust business? The assumptions behind notionslike ``purity'' and ``contamination'' areexamined, together with their underlying viewsof nature and human intervention. The 2001UK Agriculture and Environmental BiotechnologyCommission report is relevant to theseissues. While the Government wishes to promotethe UK biotechnology industry and is underpressure from US claims of trade restraint, astrong organic lobby demands purity from GMcontamination. Does this adversarial framingof the issues reflect broader public opinionin the UK public consultation? Inarriving at policy decisions, the role of thevirtue of tolerance is considered inpost-modern and Christian ethical contexts.     

HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION OF THE LITTLE WASHITA RIVER EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED USING SWAT1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest sub‐watersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW.