底质中硫化物样品预处理分析方法的改进

通过对底质中的硫化物预处理方法的改进 ,证明在盐酸或硫酸介质中气化 ,以 Na OH-EDTA为吸收液的预处理方法 ,具有准确度高、精密度好 ,测定周期短等优点。     

化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响

本研究在实验室装置上着重考察了化学药剂对吸入式气浮净化机除油浮选动力学的影响。研究结果表明化学药剂对浮选速率常数有明显影响,不同化学药剂及用量其影响效果不同。     

膜分离-光催化组合工艺的应用研究

文章主要对膜分离-光催化组合工艺进行了研究。通过对悬浮体系中二氧化钛粒径的分析,选择合适的中空纤维膜。在不同的条件下对二氧化钛悬浮体系的研究结果表明,二氧化钛粒子的分离性能受粒子粒径、抽吸压力、曝气量、温度、pH值、料液环境等因素的影响,而在光催化反应常用的二氧化钛浓度范围内(1～4g/L),浓度对分离性能的影响不大。     

优化组合型液体旋流分离器的实验研究

液体旋流分离器是水环境污染治理的主要设备之一。在以前的液体旋流分离器分离效率和压力损失等实验研究中,提出了液体旋流分离器的优化组合的设计方法,为了验证该设计方法对微粒子的分离性能,按照该设计方法中各部分结构参数的选取原则及合理搭配优化组合,制作了一台优化组合型液体旋流分离器并进行了性能实验,通过从水中分离脱硫石膏的实验方法,得出了优化组合型液体旋流分离器的分离效率、分割尺寸和压力损失的实验结果。从而验证了优化组合型液体旋流分离器的分离性能。     

Characterization of post-consumer polyolefin wastes by hyperspectral imaging for quality control in recycling processes

In this paper new analytical inspection strategies, based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the VIS–NIR and NIR wavelength ranges (400–1000 and 1000–1700 nm, respectively), have been investigated and set up in order to define quality control logics that could be applied at industrial plant level for polyolefins recycling. The research was developed inside the European FP7 Project W2Plastics “Magnetic Sorting and Ultrasound Sensor Technologies for Production of High Purity Secondary Polyolefins from Waste”. The main aim of the project is the separation of pure polyethylene and polypropylene adopting an innovative process, the magnetic density separation (MDS). Spectra of plastic particles and contaminants resulting from post-consumer complex wastes and of virgin polyolefins have been acquired by HSI and by Raman spectroscopy. The classification results obtained applying principal component analysis (PCA) on HSI data have been compared with those obtained by Raman spectroscopy, in order to validate the proposed innovative methodology. Results showed that HSI sensing techniques allow to identify both polyolefins and contaminants. Results also demonstrated that HSI has a great potentiality as a tool for quality control of feed (identification of contaminants in the plastic waste) and of the two different pure polypropylene and polyethylene flow streams resulting from the MDS-based recycling process.     

水中二氧化氯静态膜分离的研究

利用二氧化氯在360nm处有一最大吸收峰以及二氧化氯能够通过微孔性聚四氟乙烯膜的特性进行了静态膜分离的研究。通过研究温度和二氧化氯的浓度对分离效果的影响,可以确定：温度越高越有利于二氧化氯的膜分离,但温度高于20℃时二氧化氯会发生分解,故最佳分离温度应为20℃。     

抗抑郁药物舍曲林和氟西汀在实验室构建的三层水生食物链中的生物积累和营养动力学研究

目前关于药物在水生生物中富集的报道越来越多,但人们对它们在水生食物网中的营养转移却知之甚少。选择了2种在水环境中经常被监测到的选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs),本文在实验室可控条件下,通过构建水生链的SSRIs暴露试验,研究了舍曲林和氟西汀的生物积累和营养动力学。在2个3层食物链中(Acer platanoides,是 Asellus aquaticus的食物,而相应地 Asellus aquaticus是Notonecta glauca 或 Pungitius pungitius的食物),随着营养级的递增,这2种可离子化的、弱碱药物均显示出较低的生物积累因子(BAFs)(这表明没有生物放大)。A. platanoides、A. aquaticus、N. glauca和P. pungitius体内的舍曲林的平均BAFs分别为2200 L/kg、360 L/kg、26 L/kg和49 L/kg,氟西汀的平均BAFs分别为1300 L/kg、110 L/kg、11 L/kg和41 L/kg。生物积累因子(BAFs)的测量值等于或低于生物富集因子(BCFs)的测量值,这进一步证明了饮食的微弱影响。生物脂含量与BAFs没有正相关性,这表明其他的过程在驱动SSRI生物累积的种间差异。这里将经验参数值带入一个生物累积模型中计算,发现模拟与经验BAFs(预测r²=-0.63)之间相关性较差。综上所述,这些可离子化的药物明显缺乏生物放大作用,环境问题不应只关注较高的营养水平,而应关注在任何营养水平上有高BCFs的物种。
精选自Bostr?m, M. L., Ugge, G., J?nsson, J. ?. and Berglund, O. (2017), Bioaccumulation and trophodynamics of the antidepressants sertraline and fluoxetine in laboratory-constructed, 3-level aquatic food chains. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 36: 1029–1037. doi: 10.1002/etc.3637
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3637/full
     

Synthesis and use of a catalyst in the production of biodiesel from Pongamia pinnata seed oil with dimethyl carbonate

The preparation of sodium methoxide-treated algae catalysts and their activity in the transesterification of Pongamia pinnata seed oil by dimethyl carbonate were investigated. We also investigated the effect of the sodium methoxide-treated algae catalyst on the biodiesel yield. The development of sodium methoxide-treated algae catalysts can overcome most problems associated with dissolution in dimethyl carbonate. The products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to identify the fatty acid methyl esters in the biodiesel produced. The molar ratio of Pongamia pinnata seed oil to dimethyl carbonate in transesterification in the presence of the sodium methoxide-treated algae catalyst was observed to play a substantial role in this study, wherein the Pongamia pinnata seed oil conversion increased with increasing catalyst concentration. The highest percent conversion rate was 97%. With intense research focus and development, an ideal catalyst can indeed be developed for optimal biodiesel production that is both economically feasible and environmentally benign.     

采用Design-Expert软件优化高频气力分选机风量配合设计

采用Design-Expert 7.1.3软件对高频气力分选机的3个风量进行试验方案设计和结果分析.结果表明:在其他操作条件一定的前提下,3个风量对分选效率的影响均为显著;采用Design-Expert 7.1.3软件对3个风量进行正交试验设计,可以有效分析3个风量对高频气力分选机分选效率的影响,并通过试验结果分析建立数学模型,最终得到满足试验要求的风量配合比,最优风量配合比为55∶60∶80.     

磁性膨润土的制备及类Fenton氧化法处理焦化废水

以Al-Fe柱撑膨润土为原料,通过原位氧化沉淀法负载纳米Fe₃O₄颗粒,制备磁性膨润土。采用XRD,SEM,EDS技术对磁性膨润土进行了表征,并将其作为类Fenton反应催化剂对焦化厂二沉池出水（COD为267.6 mg/L、色度为428度）进行了深度处理,探讨了各反应条件对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：Fe₃O₄颗粒较为均匀地分布在膨润土表面,负载牢固;在H₂O₂加入量70 mmol/L、磁性膨润土加入量0.8 g/L、反应温度30 ℃、初始废水pH 5.0的条件下反应30 h,废水COD和色度的去除率分别达到78.5%和93.4%,COD和色度分别降至57.5 mg/L和28度,满足GB/T 19923—2005《城市污水再生利用 工业用水水质》的要求;磁性膨润土使用4次后,对废水的处理效果仍很稳定。