铬酸钠共存对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响

研究了铬酸纳共存时对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响，结果表明，含有铬酸钠的铝酸钠溶液中，铝铬比大于３．６时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分没有明显影响；铝铬比小于１．８时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分有明显影响，本文还试验了选择一定组成的实际铝酸钠溶液，经种分，使铬酸钠与铝酸钠完全有得到了有效分离。     

萃取精馏法分离醋酸-水的研究

采用萃取精馏法从醋酸水溶液中分离回收醋酸是一新的研究方向,而适宜溶剂的筛选是研究关键.本实验以高沸点含氮类有机化合物作为醋酸-水萃取精馏的候选溶剂,采用平衡组分分析法对溶剂进行了实验筛选.结果表明,溶剂的引入使体系的相对挥发度有较大程度的提高,其中N-甲基乙酰胺(NMA)使水对醋酸的相对挥发度提高最多,为4.75.因此实验确定NMA为最优溶剂,并进行了醋酸-水萃取精馏的工艺实验.与普通精馏结果对比表明,以NMA为溶剂的萃取精馏法分离醋酸-水的效果非常显著,研究结果对开发环保型的醋酸-水分离新工艺具有重要意义.     

Insight into selective removal of copper from high-concentration nickel solutions with XPS and DFT: New technique to prepare 5N-nickel with chelating resin

An efficient and profitable separation process was proposed to prepare 5N(the purity of the metal solution reaches 99.999%) high-purity nickel from 3N nickel-solutions using Purolite S984. The adsorption performance of this superior resin, especially its selectivity for metal ions,was explored quantitatively. The maximum adsorption capacity for copper was 2.286 mmol/g calculated by the Langmuir model, which was twice as large as that for nickel. In the binary systems, the adsorption capacity for nickel was decreased by 45%, indicating direct competition for the active sites. The infinite separation factor for copper versus nickel exceeded 300, revealing the feasibility of preparing5N-level high-purity nickel solutions, which was further verified using the 800 BV(bed volume) effluent in the column dynamic process.According to the cost–benefit analysis, purification contributed to a profit of approximately 60,000 USD per cycle, and the investment return period was less than 1/3 years. Density functional theory analysis confirmed that four nitrogen atoms would be involved in the coordination complex and thus a structure involving two five-membered rings could be achieved. The X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the involvement of nitrogen atoms,implying a coordination ratio of approximately 1:1.     

燃煤电厂湿法脱硫废水处理技术研究进展

湿法脱硫废水具有含盐量高、重金属种类多等特点,目前主要采用化学沉淀法处理,但是该工艺存在药剂投加量大、污泥产生量多、以及部分指标达标困难等不足。而且该工艺出水含盐量高,排放后会产生二次污染。因此,研究开发新型、经济高效的脱硫废水处理工艺至关重要。对已有相关文献进行全面系统的分析和总结,介绍了脱硫废水的来源及组成特性,对常规湿法脱硫废水处理技术原理和利弊进行详细介绍,系统分析了流化床法、膜分离法、吸附法和电絮凝法等新兴处理技术。最后,对脱硫废水现有处理技术进行分析总结,并对脱硫废水处理技术研究和发展进行展望。     

重金属废水处理中磁分离技术的应用现状研究

论述了重金属废水的来源及危害,简要概述了当前重金属废水的处理技术,着重阐述了磁分离技术的基本原理及其在重金属废水处理中的应用情况,指出磁分离技术具有高效、短时、占地少、成本低、耐冲击负荷能力强及不产生二次污染等优点,是一项极具发展前景的技术。最后还指出了磁分离技术在重金属废水处理中面临的问题,针对这些问题展望了磁分离技术在废水处理领域的三个主要研究趋势,一是制备高效、可再生磁种;二是开发磁回收工艺;三是研究磁种与重金属及其他污染物的作用机理。     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of heat radiation from large liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pool fires

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is flammable and has risks of pool fires during its transportation, storage, and applications. The heat radiation by LPG pool fires poses hazards to individuals nearby and can lead to potential failures of ambient facilities. Due to the high costs and invasive nature of experiments for investigating large-scale pool fires, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed in this study as the cost-effective and noninvasive method to simulate the process and analyze the characteristics of large hydrocarbon pool fires. Specifically, an experimentally validated 3-D CFD model has been built to simulate surface emissive power (SEP) and incident radiation of large-scale LPG pool fires with three different diameters and wind speeds. Steady-state simulations with P1 radiation and probability density function (PDF) combustion models were employed to obtain reliable data after the optimizations based on the comparisons with experimental data and empirical models. The comparison with benchmark experimental data demonstrates that the CFD model employed in this study can accurately predict the incident radiation of large LPG pool fires. A new SEP correlation is also proposed, which is specifically for LPG pool fires with a diameter between 10 m and 20 m. Additionally, the safe separation distances between LPG facilities and surrounded objects have been estimated based on the CFD simulation results. The high-resolution CFD model for large LPG pool fires in this work provides noninvasive and direct quantitative evidence to enhance the fundamental understanding on the safety of large LPG pool fires and can assist regulatory agencies in refining the safety limits in the cost-effective and time-saving manners.     

直通导叶式微型旋流管组分离效率实验

在矿井井下工作面等粉尘浓度较大的作业场所,直通导叶式微型旋流管组除尘器可满足受空间限制作业场所的初效除尘要求。为研究直通导叶式微型旋流管组的除尘性能,在不同粉尘浓度和抽气率条件下,对直通导叶式微型旋流管组的分离效率进行实验,并对其进气口、排尘口和气流出口的粉尘粒径、形貌进行测试分析。结果表明:直通导叶式微型旋流管组对d50大于14.34 μm的粉尘分离效果较好;当粉尘浓度在200~600 mg/m3、抽气率在0%~5%,直通导叶式微型旋流管组分离效率随着抽气率的增加而逐渐增加;粉尘浓度在600~1 200 mg/m3时,直通导叶式微型旋流管组在抽气率为5%时分离效率可达94%。     

The carrot or the stick: individual adaption against varying institutional arrangements

This study employs a unique household-level data-set to investigate the effectiveness of various waste separation policies under consideration of local socioeconomic contexts. Our results confirm previous findings that most demographic factors are generally not statistically significant. The findings suggest that waste separation knowledge, social capital, free provision of sortable containers and community collecting recyclables are positively associated with household involvement in waste separation. More importantly, while an increase in the garbage fee motivates non-sorting households to separate their waste into two categories of recyclables and non-recyclables, it also crowds out households’ preexisting motivations for sorting waste into three or more categories. The introduction of a garbage fee indeed substitutes rather than complements free provision of sortable containers and community collection of recyclables. Apart from actively fostering the creation of social capital, local authorities should, therefore, comprehensively design a compatible policy mix to adjust and optimize current management schemes for enhancing waste management practices.     

塔河油田油泥砂化学热洗＋气浮分离技术研究

综述了油泥砂处理方法,结合塔河油田油泥砂的特性,对采用的化学热洗＋气浮分离技术进行了探讨,并进行了环境和经济评价。     

高梯度磁分离的过滤性能计算

文章分析了高梯度磁分离器的粒子捕获机理给出了性能计算方法。首先从ＨＧＭＳ的单线模型出发，导出表征ＨＧＭＳ性能的基本量磁速Ｖｍ，然后求出捕获半径ＲＣＯ，得出一系列磁性粒子的轨迹曲线，并且考虑了在ＨＧＭＳ工作状态时的粒子保持情况；再由物质平衡原理得出物质平衡方程。由分析ＨＧＭＳ的捕获几率得出速率方程，运用四阶龙格库塔法对磁分离方程进行数值解，求出穿透曲线；最后通过实验，与推导的结果作了比较。对运用高梯度磁分离器设计废水废气处理设备具有实际意义。