基于灰色理论的废弃电路板金属回收模型研究

电子废弃物的资源化既能实现资源的二次利用,又能防止环境污染,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.运用灰色理论对离心复合力场回收废弃电路板金属过程中反冲水、转速和浓度等操作参数对分选效果(精矿品位和精矿的回收率)的影响进行了研究,建立了基于GM(0,N)灰色模型的离心复合力场回收废弃电路板分选模型.经验证模型精度较高.     

低水平放射性废水中钚的分析方法研究进展

钚是重要的核燃料,也是一种极毒的放射性核素,在核燃料循环和放射性废物处置过程中占有重要地位.近些年来,钚在自然水体中的含量、分布引起人们的关注.科研工作者针对低水平放射性废水,核设施周围自然水体,核试验、核事故情况下可能污染的自然水体等,建立了一些钚的分析方法.作者在对这些方法进行了比较的基础上,提出了一种在盐酸体系中用TEVA树脂负压微色谱柱液闪法将水溶液中钚与其他锕系元素及金属离子分离并测量的新方法.该方法有望在日常和应急监测中的得到应用.     

Control of combustion-generated nitrogen oxides by selective non-catalytic reduction

Controlling nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) emissions is becoming a daunting technical challenge as increasingly strict emission limits are being imposed. The stringent regulations have prompted the innovation and characterization of NO(x) control technologies suitable for various applications. This paper presents a review on NO(x) removal techniques with particular reference to selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology. This includes initially how SNCR emerged as a technology along with a comparison with other relevant technologies. A review of various features related to selective non-catalytic gas phase injection of ammonia and ammonium salts (as reducing agent) is presented. The use of urea solution as a reducing agent and its performance in laboratory and pilot scale tests as well as large-scale applications is also discussed. Use of cyanuric acid as a potential reducing agent is also presented. The underlying reaction mechanisms have been reviewed for ammonia, urea and cyanuric acid for the explanation of various observations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling as applied to SNCR is also presented. Subsequently the use of SNCR coupled with other in-combustion and post-combustion NO(x) control techniques is elaborated. Additionally, a two-stage NO(x) removal strategy to control un-reacted ammonia slip and to improve overall efficiency is discussed. At the end a summary is given which highlights various areas needing further research.     

城中村雨水污水完善改造方案浅析

结合深圳盐田区城中村污水完善改造设计及施工服务中所遇到的问题,提出为彻底解除雨水污水混流现象而采取的措施和方法,以作为今后城中村雨水污水分流制改造过程中的借鉴或参考。     

磁絮凝法处理DZA有机废水的研究

本文介绍了磁絮新颖产分离技术，应用该技术能有效处理水中ＤＺＡ有机物，实现数秒内的快速分离污泥，污泥含水率低。     

Strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance of metal-organic frameworks for CO2 reduction: A review

Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction is an appealing strategy for mitigating the environmental effects of greenhouse gases while simultaneously producing valuable carbon-neutral fuels. Numerous attempts have been made to produce effective and efficient photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. In contrast, the selection of competitive catalysts continues to be a substantial hindrance and a considerable difficulty in the development of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. It is vital to emphasize different techniques for building effective photocatalysts to improve CO₂ reduction performance in order to achieve a long-term sustainability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are recently emerging as a new type of photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction due to their excellent CO₂ adsorption capability and unique structural characteristics. This review examines the most recent breakthroughs in various techniques for modifying MOFs in order to improve their efficiency of photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. The advantages of MOFs using as photocatalysts are summarized, followed by different methods for enhancing their effectiveness for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction via partial ion exchange of metal clusters, design of bimetal clusters, the modification of organic linkers, and the embedding of metal complexes. For integrating MOFs with semiconductors, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and other materials, a number of different approaches have been also reviewed. The final section of this review discusses the existing challenges and future prospects of MOFs as photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction. Hopefully, this review can stimulate intensive research on the rational design and development of more effective MOF-based photocatalysts for visible-light driven CO₂ conversion.     

New eco-friendly proposal for the crystallization of beet raw juice

In the past years we evaluated different strategies with the aim of eliminating completely from the beet sugar factory, the traditional calco-carbonic purification process taking into account the well-known problems related to the utilization of lime and the production of carbonation sludge.To complete the picture of the possible solutions to be adopted for the elimination of the traditional purification process, we tested and evaluated in laboratory and in pilot plants a new eco-friendly proposal.The results obtained, as well as the proposed flow-sheet and some economic evaluations, are presented and discussed.     

实时合成水滑石分离模拟放射性核素锶的研究

采用实时合成水滑石的方法从高放废液中分离模拟放射性核素锶,通过单因素实验并借助XRD分析确定了最佳分离实验条件,同时,运用FTIR、SEM等技术手段对合成的含锶水滑石的结构、形貌进行了分析.结果表明,当Sr2+初始浓度为70mg.L-1、pH值为10.5、n(Mg+Sr)/n(Al)为3时,锶的去除率最高可达95%以上;XRD和SEM分析结果表明,锶嵌入了水滑石的晶格中,合成的含锶水滑石形貌为层状六边形;含锶水滑石煅烧产物主要为尖晶石,且煅烧产物中未见氧化锶,表明嵌入到水滑石晶格中的锶在煅烧后存在于尖晶石的晶体结构中.     

混合气体直接吸附分离回收过程研究

以精密陶瓷制造过程中排放的甲苯和异丙醇混合气体为目标气体,采用4段活性炭吸附柱串联吸附实验方式研究了混合组分气体直接吸附分离回收的可行性.结果表明,异丙醇和甲苯这2种物性具有一定差异的物质在吸附床的长度方向存在明显的分层吸附现象.在表观气速0.42 m·s-1、异丙醇与甲苯入口浓度分别为477 mg·m-3和746 mg·m-3、吸附柱总长为26cm条件下,通气吸附798 min时,0～10 cm长度段炭层吸附甲苯量为184.5 mg·g-1,吸附异丙醇量为0 mg·g-1,而21～26 cm长度段炭层吸附甲苯量为0.92 mg·g-1,吸附异丙醇量为91.2 mg·g-1,通过分段再生回收分别得到了纯度99%以上的甲苯和异丙醇回收液.弱吸附质异丙醇在吸附过程中存在气相浓度增浓现象,该现象导致实验条件下部分活性炭层区域对异丙醇的吸附量提高了27%以上.通过多段串联吸附、分段再生回收的方式可以实现混合气体的直接吸附分离回收.