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801.
Zhun MA Meng WANG Xueli GAO Congjie GAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(5):650-658
The current work focused on the investigation of charge and separation characteristics of nanofiltration (NF) membrane embracing dissociated functional groups under different electrolyte solutions. The electro-kinetic method was carried out to assess the membrane volume charge density (X) with different salt concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mol. m-3 and different electrolyte species, such as type 1-1, type 2-1 and type 3-1. The Donnan steric pore model-dielectric exclusion (DSPM- DE) model was employed to evaluate the separation characteristics of the NF membrane for wide range of electrolyte concentration (from 25.7 to 598.9mol·m^-3). The results indicated that the dissociation of the hydro- philic functional groups and the specific adsorption contributed to charge formation on membrane surface. The former played a dominant role in type 1-1 and type 2-1 electrolytes at dilute aqueous solutions (0.1-0.5 mol · m^3). However, for type 3-1 electrolyte, specific adsorp- tion should contribute to the charge effect to a large extent. Moreover, the correlation between the volume charge density and feed concentration was in accordance with Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, it was found that the separation characteristic of NF membrane could be evaluated well by DSPM-DE model coupling with electro-kinetic method in a whole concentration range. 相似文献
802.
采用CFD商业计算软件FLUENT对横截面形状影响旋风分离器性能的情况进行了数值模拟。模拟中,气相采用雷诺应力湍流模型RSM封闭N-S方程,固相采用基于Euler-Lagrange方法的离散相模型DPM。通过对旋风分离器圆形、八边形、七边形、六边形、五边形、四边形横截面形状的比较,模拟并分析了分离器两个主要性能分离效率和压力损失的变化规律,提出了横截面为八边形的分离器的相对优势,可用于传统旋风分离器结构型式的设计和优化。 相似文献
803.
Fate of metals contained in waste electrical and electronic equipment in a municipal waste treatment process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In Japan, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) that is not covered by the recycling laws are treated as municipal solid waste. A part of common metals are recovered during the treatment; however, other metals are rarely recovered and their destinations are not clear. This study investigated the distribution ratios and substance flows of 55 metals contained in WEEE during municipal waste treatment using shredding and separation techniques at a Japanese municipal waste treatment plant. The results revealed that more than half of Cu and most of Al contained in WEEE end up in landfills or dissipate under the current municipal waste treatment system. Among the other metals contained in WEEE, at least 70% of the mass was distributed to the small-grain fraction through the shredding and separation and is to be landfilled. Most kinds of metals were concentrated several fold in the small-grain fraction through the process and therefore the small-grain fraction may be a next target for recovery of metals in terms of both metal content and amount. Separate collection and pre-sorting of small digital products can work as effective way for reducing precious metals and less common metals to be landfilled to some extent; however, much of the total masses of those metals would still end up in landfills and it is also important to consider how to recover and utilize metals contained in other WEEE such as audio/video equipment. 相似文献
804.
805.
高校教研楼潜在火灾源与高密度人流共存,火灾逃生疏散是保障灾后人身安全的重要环节。为探索火灾逃生疏散最优逃生条件,应用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT,数值分析防火分隔导致多种通风方式的起火分区温度、烟气场分布规律,研究火场逃生疏散的最优通风方式。结果表明,火灾初期开启防火分隔设施更有利于人员逃生疏散;关闭防火分隔设施条件下,防排烟系统开启略优于关闭;研究背景条件下,开启防火分隔为逃生疏散最优方案;火灾后关闭防火分隔设施可以控制火灾蔓延,降低财产损失,但应在确保人员安全疏散后进行。 相似文献
806.
为了研究消防水幕衰减火灾热辐射和阻隔火灾烟气蔓延的隔热阻烟特性,基于搭建的3 m× 3 m × 2.5 m(长×宽×高)小尺寸试验平台,开展大量实体火灾试验,研究水幕作用下空间温度分布特性以及烟气运动规律,并重点分析了喷头压力和喷头类型2种参数对水幕隔热阻烟性能的影响。结果表明:实施水幕分隔对火灾上层高温烟气具有明显的降温作用;实施水幕能够有效阻止火灾烟气的前期扩散;喷头压力越大,水幕的隔热效率越高,当喷头压力增大至0.6 MPa时,水幕的隔热效率可达70%以上;使用ZSTWC撞击式水雾喷头比ZSTM-AT式扇形水幕喷头更有利于形成均匀分布的水幕断面。 相似文献
807.
Didier?RobertEmail author Antoine?Piscopo Jean-Victor?Weber 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(1):5-8
Photocatalytic reactions using titanium dioxide are of great interest due to their possible applications to solar energy storage and detoxification of wastewater. However, TiO2 has usually given a very poor selectivity. Here we show that, using binary mixtures, it is possible to selectively degrade one molecular substance without any concentration change of another substance. We have studied the influence of the pH and TiO2 concentration on the selectivity of the degradation of benzamide and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. With appropriate modifications of both parameters, the selectivity can be improved. 相似文献
808.
利用燃煤炉渣直接过滤锅炉湿法除尘废水,可以提高出水水质,对废水中SS、COD和HSO4^-有显著去除效果,出水可以满足循环回用要求。 相似文献
809.
Nils-J rg Kranz Lutz Friedel 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1997,10(5-6):351-355
Pressure relief of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition in a top-vented vessel is simulated numerically using six phase separation models. The results lead to the conclusion that generally a parameter study will be required for relief design by simulation when a gas-generating reaction is considered. None of the phase separation models can be expected to be always conservative in contrast to the case of tempered systems. 相似文献
810.