加油站的烃类VOCs污染及其治理技术

加油站因储运轻质油品而产生的烃类VOCs对健康、环境、安全以及油品质量等带来了一系列负面影响.发达国家的常规治理措施主要是进行密闭卸油和密闭发油,对加油站的设备安装、管线布置、运营管理等都有一些具体要求;进入21世纪后美国又提出了强化加油站油气回收处理的观点,相应的技术、设备及法规也都日益健全.国内目前对加油站烃类VOCs污染的治理工作与发达国家相比差距很大,应该尽快从烃类VOCs回收处理的专用膜分离装置入手进行相关研究和产品开发.     

花状二维铜基卟啉气凝胶制备与气体吸附与分离性能研究

本研究针对混合气体选择性分离和二氧化碳捕获等问题,在小分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和三氟乙酸的作用下控制纵向生长,通过金属铜离子与卟啉配体的自组装形成花状二维金属有机框架材料（2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP）,进一步冷冻干燥获得低密度纯2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP气凝胶.元素含量分析显示,2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP可以充分暴露金属活性位点,克服传统三维纳米材料内部位点难以被利用的缺点;比表面积（BET）分析显示,2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP比表面积为321.92 m²·g^-1,主要孔道尺寸分布在1.8 nm左右.由于充分暴露出金属活性位点Cu-O-Cu,对CO₂、N₂和CH₄表现出优异的吸附分离性能.根据Langmuir吸附等温线拟合得到,CO₂、CH₄和N₂的最大吸附量分别为7.357、2.852、2.002 mmol·g^-1.CO₂/N₂、CO₂/CH₄和CH₄/N₂的最大分离系数分别为9.86、2.52和4.00.2D Flower-like Cu-TCPP在碳捕获、混合气体选择性分离中具有较好的应用前景.     

VOC的回收与处理技术简介

介绍了几种以VOC废气中回收溶剂的方法，其分析其优缺点和适用范围，对回收有困难或不经济的含VOC废气，建议采用焚烧法或催化燃烧法进行处理。     

一体化氧化沟固液分离和回流机理探讨

论述了一体化氧化沟中固液分离和污泥回流的基本原理，提出了固液分离器的表面负荷ＳＯＲ与污泥层厚度、回流污泥浓度等有关，计算模型为ＳＯＲ＝１１＋Ｒ·ＨｗＴ·ＣｕＣ０．固液分离器与二沉池的功效显著不同，所需面积远低于二沉池，在固液分离器内不发生污泥压缩、回流及时，不易受污泥沉降性能影响，是值得推荐的一体化氧化沟固液分离方式．     

膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。     

安全、高效的基于钯膜的氢气分离技术

系统介绍了钯膜分离这种流程简洁、静音紧凑的氢气纯化技术和钯膜对氢气具有单一选择性分离原理所达到的安全、高效氢气分离提纯的有益效果。综述了钯基复合膜的制备方法并对比了不同制备方法之间的优缺点。重点分析了钯膜分离技术相比于低温蒸馏、变压吸附、深冷分离等常规氢气分离技术的优势。总结了钯膜反应器应用于原位重整制氢反应、催化加氢、脱氢反应等过程中,在推动反应热力学平衡、提高反应转化率等方面优于传统反应器的技术特征。     

厌氧微网分离反应器（AMSB）系统运行优化研究

对厌氧微网分离反应器进行运行优化研究,AMSB对污染物的去除主要依靠微网对颗粒性污染物的截留实现的,对溶解性污染物的去除并不理想.随着HRT延长,COD去除率略有增加;污泥颗粒化有助于降低膜污染速率;加温并不能显著提高污染物去除效果,但却加重了膜污染;增加搅拌增强了AMSB内部的传质作用,污染物去除率得到提升的同时,膜污染速率显著加快;综合污染物去除、微网抗污染能力和运行维护等方面,最终选择升流式作为推荐的AMSB构型.     

Cr(VI)-DBAV-TritonX-100析相光度法测定微量铬(VI)的研究

研究了Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）ＤＢＡＶＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００析相显色体系,建立测定微量铬（ＶＩ）的析相光度法。在ｐＨ４５的乙酸—乙酸钠介质中,Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）、ＤＢＡＶ、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００加热形成配合物,于９５℃恒温水浴中加热析相１ｈ,即被ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００相完全富集,最大吸收峰为５５６ｎｍ,铬（ＶＩ）含量在０～４μｇ／５ｍｌ服从比耳定律,采用７３２阳离子交换树脂分离干扰离子,测定水样中微量铬（ＶＩ）,结果满意。     

Progress in carbon dioxide separation and capture： A review

This article reviews the progress made in CO2 separation and capture research and engineering. Various technologies, such as absorption, adsorption, and membrane separation, are thoroughly discussed. New concepts such as chemical-looping combustion and hydrate-based separation are also introduced briefly. Future directions are suggested. Sequestration methods, such as forestation, ocean fertilization and mineral carbonation techniques are also covered. Underground injection and direct ocean dump are not covered.     

Development of a framework to implement a recycling program in an elementary school

This study developed a system to plan, evaluate, implement, and monitor a waste reduction and source-separation program, which was then tested through a field study in a New York City elementary school. Despite efforts to implement integrated waste management in elementary schools, appropriate planning tools that document performance and support program development are lacking. To fill this gap, a system for analyzing existing programs was developed. After identifying the phases required for a successful program, a scoring system was developed to quantify the performance of existing programs. To assess existing protocol, recommendations from leading municipalities were reviewed, and the performance of existing programs was quantified within the scoring system. The existing protocol was found to contain similarities, but an overarching approach was needed to connect the provisions with programs that have been successfully deployed. From this analysis, a scoring system was developed to take into consideration the major elements needed for a waste reduction and source-separation plan, colloquially referred to as a recycling plan, as well as the specifics of implementation. This system allows for the review of programs already developed, and can pinpoint limitations prior to implementation. The framework was evaluated through the test case school, with both waste audit data and diagrams. From the lessons learned, successful techniques and recommendations for utilizing this framework were created.