上海市能源消费碳排放分析

根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)2006年版碳排放计算指南中的计算公式和碳排放系数缺省值,计算了上海市1994─2006年能源消费碳排放量. 结果表明:1994年以来碳排放量逐年增加,碳排放强度不断下降,由1994年的2.51 t/(104元)降到2006年的1.07 t/(104元). 通过比较2005年上海与全国以及主要经济大国间的碳排放量、碳排放强度和人均碳排放量发现,上海市能源消费碳排放量占全国的3.5%;碳排放强度低于全国和全球水平,但比英国、德国、日本高;人均碳排放量为2.7 t/a,是全国和全球平均水平的2倍多,低于美国、澳大利亚和加拿大. 从能源利用效率、经济增长方式、能源结构以及经济结构等角度分析了碳排放强度下降的原因,其中能源结构调整引起的平均碳排放系数下降和第三产业比重上升是主要原因.      

三峡库区太阳能资源基本特征及其演变

利用1961-2007年的日照时数建模计算了三峡库区的太阳辐射,在此基础上对库区的太阳能资源作了全面分析和评价。结果表明：库区年总辐射量介于3200～4400MJ/m²,与德国等太阳能利用大国相当;“下游多,上游少”是资源空间分布的基本特征,且在秋、冬季差异更为明显;资源的年变化具有“夏大冬小”的特点,同时呈典型“双峰结构”,最大和次大峰值分别出现在8月和5月;库区上游太阳能季节差异大,而中、下游四季差异相对较小;库区太阳辐射以散射辐射为主（平均为64%）,上游尤其明显;1961-2007年,资源量与直射比均呈明显下降趋势,且在夏、冬季下降尤为显著,分析表明这与轻雾日数和霾日数的增加有关;自20世纪90年代初起,资源量开始回升,有利于库区太阳能的开发利用。     

Cr/γ-Al_2O_3对乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧

使用浸渍法制备不同负载量的Cr/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,研究乙酸乙酯的催化燃烧.BET,XRD结果表明,Cr在γ-Al_2O_3上负载存在分散阈值效应,负载量在阈值以下时呈单层分散形式,在超过阈值时Cr形成结晶,实验测得单层分散阈值与理论计算一致.Raman结果表明Cr在单层分散时为Cr~(6+),而在非单层分散时为Cr_2O_3.催化乙酸乙酯燃烧的活性研究显示,阈值效应对催化活性有显著影响:催化活性在单层分散阈值时最好,此时活化能最高,指前因子最大.     

污泥热水解技术研究进展

热水解可以改善污泥的生物降解性能和脱水性能,提高后续厌氧消化系统中有机物的去除率。本文阐述了热水解对污泥物理特性主要包括流变特性和脱水行为的影响;分析了热水解对污泥中氨氮浓度及对厌氧消化的作用;同时介绍了热水解技术对整个污泥处理系统能量需求的影响。指出：热水解改善了污泥的厌氧消化性能,提高了沼气等再生资源的产量,且厌氧消化产生的沼气量与热水解技术所需的能量基本平衡。     

Characteristics of the vibrating-mesh minimum ignition energy testing apparatus for dust clouds

A novel apparatus for testing the minimum ignition energies of flammable dusts is introduced. Unlike the conventional apparatus (the Hartmann tube), this new apparatus employs a vibrating mesh to produce a dust cloud. Using three kinds of powders, namely lycopodium, anthraquinone and polyacrylonitrile, which are designated as the samples for calibration by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC, 1994) standards, fundamental characteristics were experimentally investigated. Concerning the minimum ignition energies (MIEs), the new testing apparatus worked well for two samples, lycopodium and polyacrylonitrile. The MIE for anthraquinone, however, was by far larger than the expected value. We concluded that the aggregation of anthraquinone particles is the main cause of the difference and is attributable to both the tribo-charges acquired by the particles when passing through the mesh and the filamentary shape of the crystal. Other essential factors for characterizing the testing apparatus, such as the concentration of dust, the shape and spacing of the sparking electrode system, and the impedance of the sparking circuit are discussed.     

电子设备机房空调供冷量探讨

电子设备机房的空调供冷量与普通办公室相差甚远 ,介绍了其计算方法和影响空调制冷设备实际制冷量的因素     

我国农村能源发展方针调整问题探讨

我国农村能源发展方针是“因地制宜,多能互补,综合利用,讲求效益”,这是在短缺经济的背景下,针对能源危机而提出来的。目前我国农村的社会、经济及其能源供需结构形势发生了重大变化,大量商品能进入农村市场,农村能源面临着结构升级和如何现代化的问题,原十六字方针因缺少生态观和市场观,已不符合现时和未来农村能源可持续发展的实际。文章提出了农村能源发展的十八字方针“因地制宜,生态兴能,市场调节,讲求综合效益”,并逐一对新方针中的论点进行了阐述,提出了我国应以生物质二次能源与商品能源整合的可持续能源的发展理念,提出了实施新方针的有关举措。     

中国可再生能源GIS的设计与开发

可再生能源资源具有的可再生性和清洁性,使其逐渐成为世界性的能源建设发展方向。根据可再生能源的特殊自然属性,建立了包括:资源监测指标、设备指标、经济评价指标、环境评价指标的一套稳定、可操作的指标体系,并依照此体系开发了中国可再生能源地理信息系统。系统采用GeomediaProfessional平台,基于Client/Server模式,是第一个全国范围的可再生能源资源GIS,它实现了对中国可再生能源资源中的风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能四种能源资源的空间、属性数据的统一管理和动态监测。同时,利用GIS特有的空间分析功能,结合资源开发评估模型,为中国可再生能源资源的开发和利用提供辅助决策支持。     

Why Singapore's land transportation energy consumption is relatively low

Since the early 1970s, Singapore has enacted a number of measures to tackle traffic congestion, including measures to restrain vehicle ownership. Although Singapore's per capita GDP is comparable to that of OECD countries, the present car-ownership level in Singapore (10 cars per 100 people) is only a fraction of levels in the OECD countries. Traffic flow in this city-State is relatively smooth, even during peak hours. Although the measures taken were aimed primarily at tackling traffic congestion, they have had other positive impacts, such as reducing energy consumption, air pollution and CO₂ emissions. This article presents an overview of the transportation measures and initiatives in Singapore, and analyses two of the transport demand management measures in detail: the vehicle restraint measure, in particular the unique vehicle quota system introduced in 1990; and the two road pricing systems, i.e. the area licensing scheme (ALS) that operated from 1974 to 1998, and the electronic road pricing system (ERP) that went into operation in 1998. Energy and environmental impacts are then discussed, and finally factors contributing to the success of these schemes. Although certain conditions are unique to Singapore, the experience shows that substantial energy and environmental benefits can be achieved through managing urban transportation system in an integrated and innovative way.     

煤和瓦斯突出过程中瓦斯作用机理的研究

阐述了瓦斯在煤和瓦斯突出过程中所起的作用 ;指出煤层中瓦斯的存在改变了煤岩体的物理力学性质及响应特性 ,使之成为非稳定介质 ;特别强调在瓦斯突出发生时 ,瓦斯膨胀能起了至关重要的作用 ;由于瓦斯的存在 ,加剧了煤体失稳破坏的过程。