Drivers of social equity in renewable energy at the municipal level: the case of local Japanese energy policy and preferences

ABSTRACT

Recent research has allowed us to quantify the costs and benefits of adopting renewable energy in specific municipalities, but how do these outcomes vary among communities at the national scale? This study uses survey responses from 47 Japanese municipalities to model these impacts and identifies key technological, social, and demographic factors that shape which communities benefit more from the renewable energy transition. On average, introducing renewable energy improves social equity, any financial burden on electricity prices is born most by wealthier residents, not the poor, and towns are predisposed to benefit from renewables no matter the amount introduced. To improve these impacts, towns can increase the amount of solar they host, or they can adjust the amount of CO2 emissions, PM emissions, tax revenue, jobs gained, or unpopular renewable power plants in their town. However, preferences and demographics matter as well. Age, education, and local preferences in favor of employment and community development all significantly relate to equity potential outcomes. Policymakers should consider adjusting their local energy priorities using these levers if they hope to engineer a renewable energy transition that is both positive and popular for their constituents.     

分布式能量系统在我国未来20年能源发展战略中的地位

为了使分布式能量系统（Distributed Energy System,简称DES）在我国更好地发展，本文从我国未来20年的能源发展战略出发，介绍了我国能源发展中依然存在的矛盾和问题，并通过对分布式能量系统组成、特点的研究，认为目前正是分布式能量系统发展的良好机遇：通过对分布式能量系统利用方式的研究，指出了分布式能量系统将在我国未来20年能源发展战略中的地位以及需要解决的相关问题。     

The Structure of Energy Supply for Tissue Adaptation in Small Mammals Differing in Ecological Specialization

Multivariate factor analysis of the data on liver bioenergetics of mountain and forest voles has been performed. The specific features of tissue energy metabolism are best differentiated in the space of characters pertaining to the succinic acid oxidation system. The role of the dominant oxidation substrate in the structure of energy supply for the adaptation of tissue to a set of environmental factors in specialized and widespread species is discussed.     

US Energy Conservation and Efficiency: Benefits and Costs

With increased energy conservation plus the adoption of diverse energy efficient technologies, the US economy could save about 32 quads or about 33% of its current energy consumption, if sound conservation energy use policies were implemented over approximately 10 years. This potential of 32 quads is slightly greater than the current US oil imports. The systems that have the greatest potential to provide major energy savings are transportation, residential energy use, and the food system. Not only saving energy has merit in itself, but it would save US citizens approximately $438 billion per year, helping support the US economy, a high standard of living, and energy security. In addition, this analysis suggests that reducing the $40 billion in taxpayer money spent on subsidies of the energy industries would further increase conservation.     

农业生态系统能流分析中几个问题的探讨

本文就目前广泛应用的农业生态系统能流分析方法及有关概念作了分析，提出了辅助能替代率的概念。建议用辅助能替代率代替能量产投比对农业生态系统进行能流分析。文中还讨论了工业辅助能的计算及其在不同系统间或同一系统不同时段的可比性。     

贵州省能源资源评价

本文通过对能源资源的综合分析评价，揭示了贵州省能源资源的基本特点和开发利用的有利条件，并分别探讨了煤炭和水能资源的开发利用问题。     

中国东部地区能耗和SO_2排放趋势预测研究

在系统研究我国东部地区１８个省、市、自治区近年来能源消耗和ＳＯ２排放现状的基础上，利用国际上先进的ＬＥＡＰ模式和排放系数法，进行了２０００，２０１０和２０２０年三个时段的能耗和ＳＯ２排放趋势预测。研究中考虑了三峡工程和核电等的影响和各省之间的电平衡，以及有关部门的最新政策和数据。将大型火电厂单独作为点源考虑后，ＳＯ２排放的结果采用科学方法进行了按经纬度的网格化，可以直接作为远距离酸沉降模式的输入文件使用。最后还分析了东部地区的硫沉降趋势。     

中国区域能源效率对霾污染的空间效应——基于空间杜宾模型的实证分析

以中国29个省市自治区为研究对象，并以2001~2015年PM_2.5年度均值作为衡量霾污染的指标，构建了全要素能源效率对中国霾污染影响的空间杜宾模型.研究表明：中国绝大部分省市的霾污染演变趋势具有倒"U"的特点，这说明中国的霾污染在2001~2015年间经历了先上升后下降的总体变化趋势；无论是采用地理相邻权重还是经济权重，中国省际间的霾污染均存在显著空间集聚效应，这揭示霾污染的治理与控制需要地区间建立恰当的合作机制，避免出现"损人利己"现象；在对一系列经济社会因素控制的基础上，全要素能源效率对霾污染存在显著的负向影响并且具有显著的空间溢出效应，这表明全要素能源效率的提高不仅会显著降低本地区的霾污染水平，还将对周边地区的霾污染产生显著的负向影响；分解方程结果显示，技术进步和技术效率对霾污染的负向效应显著，并且技术进步的直接效应大于技术效率，但两者的间接效应均显著大于直接效应，这揭示了技术扩散对霾污染具有重要的潜在促降效应.因此，在治理霾污染的过程中，要通过不断优化能源结构和开发新能源技术以发挥全要素能源效率的减霾效果，以及通过地区间的交流与合作发挥技术扩散效应在霾污染治理中的作用.     

O_2BG复叶式节能曝气机的性能及其应用

介绍了复叶式节能曝气机的结构,工作原理,性能参数及实际应用情况。     

Study on an environmental-friendly and high-efficient fuel cell energy conversion system

The kinds and the distribution of the coal in China are investigated.The results indicated that the 80% coal in China is used by the method of the coal gasification.The possibility of utilization and development of the fuel cell power plant in China is analyzed.A combined cycle generation system is designed.Its net electrical efficiency is about 55%(LHV),which is higher than that of the fire power plant.So it is environmental-friendly and high-efficient generation mode.