Comparison between inhibitor and uncoupler for minimizing excess sludge production of an activated sludge process

In order to study the minimization of excess sludge production, the reduction in the excess sludge production in the presence of an inhibitor and uncoupler was studied in this work. The experimental results show that such an addition could effectively reduce the production of excess sludge. With the energy uncoupling model established in this work, energy uncoupling coefficient (E _u) was used to evaluate the reduction in excess sludge production. The energy uncoupling coefficients in the presence of dinitrophenol (dNP), Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ was 0.75, 0.46, and 0.18, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that energy spilling occurred in the presence of dNP, and that dNP was an effective uncoupler for reducing the production of excess activated sludge without affecting the microbial respiration activity.     

膜法富氧技术在多氯联苯(PCB_S)焚烧炉中的应用研究

介绍了富氧焚烧技术在多氯联苯焚烧炉中的应用，重点探讨了其节能效果．     

建筑节能与气候条件分析

通过建筑采暖与气象条件、建筑通风气象条件及空调设计与气象条件等的分析,论述了建筑节能与气候条件的关系.分析了内蒙古不同地区冬夏季气候特征,给出冬季采暖度日和寒冷、炎热日数等气象要素参数,提出了不同气候区居住建筑节能设计措施和建议.     

资源安全及其基本属性与研究框架

国内外对资源安全问题的关注由来已久,但系统研究此问题还是近年的事情。在此,对资源安全问题的由来、基本属性、研究框架等进行系统论述。认为资源安全是一个国家或地区可以持续、稳定、及时、足量和经济地获取所需自然资源的状态或能力;资源安全具有数量、质量、结构、均衡和价格等方面的含义;并对资源安全按过程、主体和类别等进行了分类;提出应树立开放、动态、持续和系统的资源安全观;资源安全研究应主要包括资源安全概念与属性、资源安全测度指标体系与预警系统、国家资源安全态势、国家资源安全战略等内容。     

榆林地区能源基地建设水资源保证程度及供水措施

榆林地区是我国重要的能源基地，水资源贫乏是影响该地区工业发展的重要因素。本文通过对区内水资源及其开发利用条件、供需平衡分析后认为，只要兴建水库，调节径流及加强污水处理，增加区域供水能力，区内水资源可以基本满足近阶段经济发展的用水需求。     

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries.     

从烟道灰中分离回收铜和锌

采用焙烧——浸出——净化——电解工艺对含铜烟道灰泥进行回收铜锌的工艺条件研究。实验表明,烟道灰泥在650℃焙烧2小时,然后采用20％H_2SO_4在固液比(S:L)为1:3.5和温度为60～65℃条件下浸出1小时,可获得Cu浸出率89％、锌浸出率95％的良好效果。同时,在pH-2、T=100℃条件下,对浸出液采用黄钾铁矾法除铁,使净化液中铁含量小于2g/L。该溶液经电解处理后,可获得电解铜和工业级硫酸锌产品     

造纸污泥热解特性及动力学研究

为了解污泥在氮气氛围下的热解特性,利用热重分析仪对造纸污泥进行了实验研究。实验发现,在10℃/min和20℃/min的升温速率下,污泥热解过程都经历了三个阶段的失重。实验还发现污泥与煤混合物的热解速率在固定碳燃尽阶段与单独污泥热解相比较得到了较大的提高。并根据对热重曲线的分析,得到污泥的反应动力学参数:频率因子和活化能。     

液膜分离技术及其在环境分析中的应用

对液膜分离技术的作用、特点及其类型、组成与应用展开讨论，证明该技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

社会最优可持续发展模型的建立与分析

通过对能源、环境、经济和社会发展4者关系的分析，建立了社会可持续发展模型，进而找到了社会最优可持续发展轨迹，为国家或地区社会发展的战略决策提供了可资参考的理论工具，同时进一步深化了可持续发展概念，提出了唯一的社会最优可持续发展概念。