能源结构调整与生态建设并举根治呼和浩特市大气污染

针对呼和浩特市大气污染问题，本文分析了现存问题提出了具体的解决思路。     

Revisit ocean thermal energy conversion system

The earth, covered more than70.8% by the ocean, receives most of itsenergy from the sun. Solar energy istransmitted through the atmosphere andefficiently collected and stored in thesurface layer of the ocean, largely in thetropical zone. Some of the energy isre-emitted to the atmosphere to drive thehydrologic cycle and wind. The wind fieldreturns some of the energy to the ocean inthe form of waves and currents. Themajority of the absorbed solar energy isstored in vertical thermal gradients nearthe surface layer of the ocean, most ofwhich is in the tropical region. Thisthermal energy replenished each day by thesun in the tropical ocean represents atremendous pollution-free energy resourcefor human civilization. Ocean ThermalEnergy Conversion (OTEC) technology refersto a mechanical system that utilizes thenatural temperature gradient that exists inthe tropical ocean between the warm surfacewater and the deep cold water, to generateelectricity and produce other economicallyvaluable by-products. The science andengineering behind OTEC have been studiedin the US since the mid-seventies,supported early by the U.S. Government andlater by State and private industries.There are two general types of OTECdesigns: closed-cycle plants utilize theevaporation of a working fluid, such asammonia or propylene, to drive theturbine-generator, and open-cycle plantsuse steam from evaporated sea water to runthe turbine. Another commonly known design,hybrid plants, is a combination of the two.OTEC requires relatively low operation andmaintenance costs and no fossil fuelconsumption.OTEC system possesses a formidablepotential capacity for renewable energy andoffers a significant elimination ofgreenhouse gases in producing power. Inaddition to electricity and drinking water,an OTEC system can produce many valuableby-products and side-utilizations, such as:hydrogen, air-conditioning, ice,aquaculture, and agriculture, etc. Thepotential of these by-products, especiallydrinking water, aquaculture andmariculture, can easily translate intobillions of dollars in businessopportunities. The current status of theOTEC system definitely deserves to becarefully revisited. This paper willexamine recent major advancements intechnology, evaluate costs andeffectiveness, and assess the overallmarket environment of the OTEC system anddescribe its great renewable energypotential and overall benefits to thenations of the world.     

Bioenergy to mitigate for climate change and meet the needs of society,the economy and the environment

Changes towards environmental improvementsare becoming more politically acceptableglobally, especially in developedcountries. Society is slowly moving towardsseeking more sustainable productionmethods, waste minimisation, reduced airpollution from vehicles, distributed energygeneration, conservation of native forests,and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions. Modern biomass, when used tosupply useful bioenergy services, has arole to play in each one of theseenvironmental drivers at both the large andsmall scales.This paper describes recent developments inbiomass supply and the technologies for itsconversion to bioenergy including biofuelsfor transport. It examines the economic,environmental and social benefits andidentifies barriers to bioenergy projectimplementation. Future opportunities forbiomass as a carbon (C) sink, a C offsetand a potential source of renewablehydrogen are discussed.Whether or not a bioenergy project iseconomically viable, as well as being trulyrenewable, sustainable and environmentallysound, is determined mainly by the sourceof biomass. The social benefits from usingbiomass are also valuable, though they areoften not clearly presented when proposingnew bioenergy projects or conductinganalyses of existing plants. Employmentrates per MWh or per GJ exceed those whenusing fossil fuel supplies to provide thesame energy service. `Ownership' bystakeholders and local communities at anearly stage in the development process isthe key to successful project developmentin order to share the benefits. Bioenergyhas a significant global role to play inthe mitigation of atmospheric GHG concentrations.     

密度泛函方法预测二英类化合物(PCDD/Fs)的正辛醇/水分配系数

在B3LYP/6-31G水平上全优化计算了多氯代二苯并—对-二英和多氯代二苯并呋喃(PCDD/Fs)系列物的分子结构;基于得到的分子结构描述符,依据修正的线性溶解能理论,分别建立了PCDDs和PCDFs的正辛醇/水分配系数的定量结构-性质关系模型(R2分别为0.985和0.966),并用交叉验证法对模型进行了验证(q2分别为0.983和0.936),用t-检验对各变量进行了检验.检验结果表明,模型的预测能力优于AM1法、单苯环氯取代指数法和拓扑量子方法得出的模型.     

HL型旋流管的开发

论述了一种新型旋流器的开发过程，新型旋流器具有双进口、弧锥段体的结构特征，公称直径分别为１８ｍｍ、２８ｍｍ，通过对新型旋流器进行实验室测试，ＨＬ２８型平均分离效率在９０％以上，明显估于国际上正在采用的Ｔｈｅｗ型双锥体和Ａｍｍｃｏ型单锥体旋流器，ＨＬ１８型比ＨＬ２８型流器有更好的分离效果，突破了国际上通常认为旋流器的直径不能小于２８ｍｍ的说法，即提高了离心分离因数，又解决了油滴破碎问题，为以后的油水     

绿色机动车—燃料电池汽车

简要叙述了燃料电池汽车的技术特点，主要有：能量转化效率高，ＣＯ２排放量比内燃机汽车低，基本不产生有毒气体，不要充电。在此基础上较详细地介绍了世界各国的燃料电池汽车研究现状，并针对上海市机动车污染严重的现状，提出了发展燃料电池汽车及其相关产业的建议。     

The role of CH4 and N2O emission reductions in the cost-effective control of the greenhouse gas emissions from Finland

The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions may be quite expensive and it is necessary to consider reduction measures for other anthropogenic greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) as well. Their contribution to the total GHG emission from Finland is about 15–20%. In Finland most of the CH₄ emissions are due to waste management, agriculture and burning processes. N₂O emissions originate from burning processes, agriculture, industry and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. The cost-effective reduction of the Finnish GHG emissions has been studied with the EFOM-ENV model, which is a quasi-dynamic linear energy system optimisation model. The target function to be minimised is the total discounted cost for the modelled system. In this study the model has been expanded to cover all well-known anthropogenic CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O sources and reduction measures. The results indicate it is economic to reduce the emissions of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O in Finland. It is profitable to exploit the economic reduction potential of CH₄ and N₂O, because then the abatement of CO₂ emissions does not need to be as extensive as when the reduction is aimed only at CO₂ emissions. The inclusion of CH₄ and N₂O decreases the annual reduction costs about 20% in the year 2010.     

Current status of applying microwave-associated catalysis for the degradation of organics in aqueous phase – A review

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污水生物处理单元能量平衡与分析方法研究与应用

在提出污染物内能概念的基础上，对污水生物处理工艺能量平衡和分析的原理与方法进行了探讨，建立了能量平衡研究的基本模型。据此对国内四座不同工艺的城市污水处理厂进行了生物处理单元的能量衡算，并采用两类指标对处理单元耗能状况进行了评价。应用能量平衡分析方法可进行处理工艺的设计遴选和建成后运转效果的评判，以及指导处理厂有针对性地采取节能降耗措施。     

暴雨径流固态污染物旋流分离研究

旋流分离技术在暴雨径流污染控制中的应用是一项新兴的污染控制技术。本文结合滇池流域暴雨径流中固态污染物构成的特征，利用传统的旋流分离技术和复合流场旋流分离技术来实现暴雨径流中固态污染物的去除。通过现场试验，探讨了旋流分离技术的主要技术参数以及他们之间的内在联系。