江苏和吉林农村家庭能源消费差异及影响因素分析

通过对江苏省和吉林省农村能源消费的实地调查,分析了农村家庭能源消费的区域差异.结果表明,由于冬季取暖需求,吉林省农村人均总能源消费量高于江苏;在生物质能源方面,江苏使用秸秆居多,而森林资源丰富的吉林以秸秆和薪柴并重;在商品能源消费方面,江苏人均消费电力、成品油、液化气多于吉林,而煤炭消耗少于吉林;在新型可再生能源--沼气消费方面,江苏的推广效果好于吉林.运用经济计量模型分析了农村家庭能源消费的影响因素,结果表明:人均纯收入、人均耕地面积、人均耐用家电价值、人均摩托车及生产性固定资产价值、地区等因素是影响农村家庭人均能源消费量的重要因素;同时,政府的资金技术支持、人均纯收入、人均生猪养殖数量、农户位于粮食主产区或林区等因素对农户选择使用沼气有重要影响.     

基于能量中值等效原理的液压鼓胀毫微测试技术研究

目的 基于液压鼓胀毫微测试技术获取材料单轴拉伸力学性能参数.方法 借助能量中值等效原理和有限元辅助测试方法,提出了获取材料单轴拉伸力学性能的液压鼓胀毫微测试理论.结合小圆片试样液压鼓胀试验,获取了压水反应堆机组蒸汽发生器接管材料20MND5的屈服应力和应变强化指数.将其输入有限元,进而模拟小圆片试样液压鼓胀加载的全过程...     

能源资源流动的研究视角、主要内容及其研究展望

通过对能源资源流动研究成果的梳理和总结,从各相关学科不同研究视角出发阐述了能源资源流动研究的内容、着重点及其特色,指出经济地理学、交通地理学、物流学、产业经济学和产业生态学是能源流研究最为密切的学科。从能源流动特征、流动机制、流动效应以及流动的优化调控等4 个方面阐述了能源流研究的主要内容,并籍此认为各学科对于能源流研究的开展丰富和发展了资源流动的研究内容和方法。在对能源流动形式研究的探讨中,指出能源流动形式研究与资源流动的纵横向解析模式具有一致性,其纵横向研究各自独立展开,形成了两种截然不同的研究风格,但目前的相关研究缺乏将纵横向分析有效衔接的联系机制。最后,根据能源资源流动研究现状提出今后该领域相关研究建议。     

三峡大宁河水体光学特征及其对藻类生物量的影响

基于2012-04-27—2013-01-19大宁河不同水文期的监测数据,确定大宁河水体光学特性的季节变化特征,并探究其对藻类生物量的影响. 结果表明:①不同水文期大宁河的D_eu(真光层深度)差异显著(P＜0.01),最高值出现在高水位运行期,为(5.22±2.70)～(8.71±5.20)m;最低值出现在汛限期,为(3.22±0.08)～(3.81±0.14)m. ②回归分析结果表明,ρ(SS)能较好地反演真光层深度的时空变化规律,而ρ(Chla)的解释度不高,仅用ρ(SS)即可有效地反推真光层深度. ③利用局部多项式回归拟合大宁河E_t(总能量密度)和浮游生物量的回归模型,结果表明,在100t≤300时,藻类生物量随着E_t的增加而增大;E_t>300时则出现“光抑制”现象,藻类生物量随着E_t的增加而减少,基本符合藻类生物量随光辐射强度而改变的响应机制.      

Environmental policies,competition and innovation in renewable energy

We investigate the effect of environmental policies on innovation under different levels of competition. Using information regarding renewable energy policies, competition and green patents for OECD countries since the late 1970s, we develop a pre-sample mean count-data econometric specification that accounts for the endogeneity of policies. We find that renewable energy policies are more effective in fostering green innovation in countries with liberalized energy markets. We also find that environmental policies are crucial only in the generation of high-quality green patents, whereas competition enhances the generation of low-quality green patents.     

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

Poor biodegradability and insufficient carbon source are discovered from influent. Influent indices presented positively normal distribution or skewed distribution. Average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin was as high as 0.458 kWh/m³. Energy consumption increases with the increase in influent volume and COD reduction. The total energy consumption decreases with the NH₃-N reduction. The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods. The influent ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total nitrogen (TN) of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution, whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), suspended solid (SS), and total phosphorus (TP) showed positively skewed distribution. The influent BOD₅/COD was 0.4%–0.6%, only 39.2% SS/BOD₅ exceeded the standard by 36.3%, the average BOD₅/TN was 3.82, and the probability of influent BOD₅/TP>20 was 82.8%. The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m³. The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5 × 10⁴ m³ in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m³. A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH₃-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction, and the higher the pollutant reduction is, the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents. In addition, a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction. Therefore, upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.     

Renewable energy,non-renewable energy and sustainable development

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the effects of renewable energy and non-renewable energy on sustainable development. This study is pioneering in this respect because it analyses the effect of renewable energy on adjusted net savings, which is a good sustainable development variable. For this purpose, the data of 40 developed and 73 developing countries were included. According to the estimation results obtained in the study, renewable energy has a positive and statistically significant effect on sustainable development both in developed countries and in developing countries. The impact of renewable energy on sustainable development is greater than the impact of non-renewable energy. In this respect, as the renewable energy amount increases, the level of sustainable development increases. According to these results, the fact that countries use renewable energy more than non-renewable energy sources is extremely important in terms of making progress towards sustainability of development and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.     

非煤矿山矿井通风节能方法

从非煤矿山矿井多风路排风系统、分风、控风、漏风、井巷风阻、节能扇风机等途径出发,分析了在这些方面开展通风节能的方法及其效益。     

压力容器爆炸事故分析和后果预测

针对一般压力容器的爆炸情况,对容器内物质分3种集态分别讨论计算其爆炸能量、爆炸冲击波大小及其破坏范围,以此进行事故分析和后果预测。     

多通道网状电极电化学预处理垃圾渗滤液反渗透浓缩液

反渗透(Reverse Osmosis,RO)因出水水质好、运行成本低等优势常用于垃圾渗滤液的处理,但产生的RO浓缩液具有COD高、色度高、盐分高、难降解等特点,其处理存在效果差、能耗和成本均较高等问题.本工作采用氧化钌/氧化铱涂层电极(RuO2/IrO2-Ti)的钛网为阳极,以304不锈钢电极为阴极,设计制作了6通道的电化学反应器,通过电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液,研究考查了电流密度、循环流速、比电极面积等参数对COD去除效果的影响,分析了电化学氧化去除难降解有机物并同时脱盐的过程机理与能耗.结果表明,在电流密度32.89 mA·cm^-2,循环流速0.46 cm·s^-1,比电极面积65.10 m²·m^-3的条件下,电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液3 h,COD去除率可达68.0%,TOC去除率可达40.6%,脱盐率可达72.1%,去除单位质量COD能耗仅为常规的板状电极电化学反应器的25.5%.本工作可为垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液的预处理提供新思路.