Competition of Hydrogen and Manganese Ions for Adsorption Sites in Sitka Spruce Litter

The competition of hydrogen and manganese ions for adsorption sites in Sitka spruce litter was investigated in a factorial design, simulated acid rain experiment, which involved leaching of litter with simulated throughfall solutions at three pH levels (5.3, 4.3 and 3.3) and three manganese concentrations (0 to 0.2 mg1^-1). the throughfall solution at the lowest pH was the most efficient in removing exchangeable manganese from litter. the manganese concentration in the leachates was approximately proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration in the simulated throughfall solution. Under field conditions, throughfall manganese concentration also naturally tends to increase as a consequence of enhanced foliar leaching of manganese in response to increasing precipitation acidity. the manganese concentration in the simulated throughfall also affected manganese concentration in the leachates, however, and contributed to a buildup of exchangeable manganese in litter, thus counteracting to some extent possible adverse effects of excess leaching due to increased throughfall acidity.     

两种SO2采样方法的对比实验研究

本文以《大气环境监测技术规范》为基础,以大气中SO_2监测为重点,进行了自动连续24小时采样和瞬时采样的对比实验,对两种采样方法的差异进行了全面探讨,为《大气环境监测技术规范》的贯彻执行提供了科学依据。     

Field-scale modelling of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soils amended with urban waste composts

Composting has emerged as a valuable route for the disposal of urban waste, with the prospect of applying composts on arable fields as organic amendments. Proper management of urban waste composts (UWC) requires a capacity to predict their impacts on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the field, an issue in which simulation models are expected to play a prominent role.Here, we used a deterministic soil-crop model to simulate C–N dynamics in an arable field amended with three types of UWC (green waste and sludge, biodegradable waste, and solid waste), and a reference amendment (farmyard manure). The model is a version of CERES in which the soil C–N module was substituted with the NCSOIL model, whose microbiological parameters were determined from either laboratory incubation data or biochemical fractionation in a previous paper. CERES was tested against data from a field trial set up in 1998 in the Paris area, and managed as a maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation. Comparison of observed and simulated data over the first 4 years of the field trial showed that CERES predicted the soil moisture and inorganic N dynamics reasonably well, as well as the variations in soil organic C. In particular, the parameterization of UWC organic matter from biochemical fractions achieved a similar fit as the parameterization based on incubation data. Wheat yields were also correctly predicted, but a systematic under-estimation of maize yields pointed at an under-estimation of spring and summer mineralization of N by CERES.Simulated N fluxes showed that the organic amendments induced an additional leaching ranging from 1 to 8 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, which can be related to the initial mineral N content of the amendments. After 4 years, the composts had mineralized 3–8% of their initial organic N content, depending on their stability. Composts with slower N release had higher N availability for the crops. CERES could thus be used to aid in selecting the timing of compost application, in relation to its stability, based on both environmental and agronomical criteria.     

催化剂污水絮凝沉降试验与应用

利用聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺协同絮凝沉降催化剂污水中的悬浮物，采用正交实验法考查了聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺加入量、污水pH值及沉降时间对悬浮物沉降效果的影响，确定了污水处理新的工艺条件，并用于实际。     

厌氧条件下活性翠蓝生物降解性能研究

通过试通,考察厌氧条件下金属络合型活性染料活性翠蓝的生物降解过程,表明活性翠蓝的厌氧降解过程是氧菌对活性翠蓝与葡萄糖产生共代谢作用的结果,通过4因素3水平正交试验,厌氧条件下pH值,葡萄糖浓度,染料浓度对活性翟蓝降解率的影响是显著的,而污泥浓度的影响不显著,经正交试验确定,当pH＝6,葡萄糖浓度＝0.5g/L,染料浓主工＝20mg/L时,有利于达到较高的活性翠蓝降解率。     

高职电子电工多元化实践教学体系的建设

本文在介绍高职电子电工传统实践教学体系的基础上,分析了传统实践教学体系的不足.作者从建设虚拟实践环境并推向网络化、充分利用各类实践教学资源、鼓励学生走出课堂进行实际练兵三方面,对高职院校建立电子电工多元化实践教学体系进行了探讨.     

两个相邻高建筑物周围的风环境

描述研究了建筑物周围人行道高度风速分布特征的风洞模拟实验。结果表明：在一个横风向宽度很大的高大建筑物的迎风面拐角附近，风速增大约１倍；而在建筑物的前方有风速的骤变区，这均形成严重的风环境问题。当用一通道将该建筑物分割成两个相邻建筑物时，上述两方面的风环境问题得到了有效的改善，且通道宽度与建筑物顺风向尺度之比的优化数值在１８至２４之间     

海拉尔盆地乌9井煤含水热模拟生烃实验研究

通过对海拉尔盆地乌 9井煤进行含水热模拟实验 ,结果反映出煤在早期阶段产气率较小 ,且以生成非烃气为主 ,35 0℃后产气率明显增大 ,随模拟温度的增加烃类气体的组分碳同位素序列由正碳序列变为同位素序列倒转 ,说明了温度对天然气的组分碳同位素序列有影响。热模拟煤中可溶有机质表现出低饱和烃和高非烃、沥青质的特点 ,色谱上具有较高的Pr/Ph。煤具有两次生油高峰 :即未熟 低熟油生油高峰 ,对应Ro =0 5 % ,产油率为 0 .85 % ;第二次生油高峰Ro为 0 .85 % ,产油率 0 .93%。煤显微组分组成特征决定了煤的生油特征。     

PH玻璃电极对比观测及误差研究

经过对PH玻璃电极对比观测实验,总结其在日常观测中衰减变化规律,以及PH电极失效前所具有的特征;讨论了对现有PH观测数据进行修正的方法,并编著相关修正程序;分析日常存在的测量误差,提出提高观测精度的措施。     

连接管件的先进塑性成形技术试验研究

介绍了 3种先进的连接管件成形技术 ,即小弯曲半径管内压推弯成形技术、球形管接头的胀形成形技术和管件的内径滚压成形技术 ,对其基本成形过程进行了描述 ,并通过铝合金、不锈钢和钛合金管件的成形试验获得了主要工艺参数对成形的影响规律 ,结果表明采用这些方法成形所需的连接管件是非常有效的